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Alfonso X of Castile and Leon
Person · male · Crown of Castile · Toledo · born 1221 · died 1284 · recording since 1969
King of Castile from 1252 to 1284
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Also known as Afonso X de Leão e Castela · Alfons X. · Alfonso X · Alfonso X (El Sabio) · Alfonso X de Castilla · Alfonso X de Castilla y de León · +10 more
Timeline
35 events▣ Album 31◦ Birth 1† Death 1★ Debut release 1✦ Award 1
1220s
1280s
1960s
· Debut release
Debut release: Las cántigas de Santa María
First documented Album in the MusicBrainz discography.
source: musicbrainz
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Biography
English biography2,945 words · 16 sectionssource: wikipedia-en · licence CC BY-SA 4.0 · revision 1369088052
Biography
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well.
Alfonso's scientific interests—he is sometimes nicknamed the Astrologer (el Astrólogo)—led him to sponsor the creation of the Alfonsine tables, and the Alphonsus crater on the Moon is named after him. He also sponsored the work of historians who, for the first time since Isidore of Seville in c. 600, placed Spain in the context of world history. As a lawmaker he introduced the first vernacular law code in Castile, the Siete Partidas. He created the Mesta, an association of sheep farmers in the central plain, but debased the coinage to finance his claim to the German crown. He fought a successful war with Portugal, but a less successful one with Granada. The end of his reign was marred by a civil war with his eldest surviving son, the future Sancho IV, which continued after his death.
Early life
Alfonso was born on 23 November 1221 in Toledo, Kingdom of Castile. He was the eldest son of Ferdinand III and Elizabeth (Beatrice) of Swabia. His mother was the paternal cousin of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, to whom Alfonso is often compared. His maternal grandparents were Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina. Little is known about his upbringing, but he was most likely raised in Toledo. For the first nine years of his life Alfonso was only heir to Castile until his paternal grandfather king Alfonso IX of León died and his father united the kingdoms of Castile and León. He began his career as a soldier, under the command of his father, when he was sixteen years old.
After the accession of King Theobald I of Navarre, Ferdinand tried to arrange a marriage for Alfonso with Theobald's daughter, Blanche, but the move was unsuccessful. At the same time, he had a romantic relationship with Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, who bore him a daughter, Beatrice. In 1240, he married Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, but the marriage was later annulled and their issue declared illegitimate. During the 1240s, alongside his father, he conquered several Muslim strongholds in Al-Andalus, including Murcia, Alicante and Cádiz.
In 1249, Alfonso married Violante, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Violant of Hungary, although betrothed already in 1246.
Reign
Alfonso succeeded his father as King of Castile and León in 1252. The following year he invaded Portugal, capturing the region of the Algarve. King Afonso III of Portugal had to surrender. Despite this Afonso III reached an agreement with Alfonso X that in consenting to marry Alfonso X's daughter, Beatrice of Castile, the captured land would be returned to their heirs. In 1261 Alfonso X captured Jerez. In 1263 he returned Algarve to the King of Portugal and signed the Treaty of Badajoz (1267).
In 1254 Alfonso X signed a treaty of alliance with King Henry III of England, supporting him in the war against King Louis IX of France. In the same year Alfonso's half-sister, Eleanor, married Henry's son Edward: with this act Alfonso renounced forever all claim to the Duchy of Gascony, to which Castile had been a pretender since the marriage of Alfonso VIII of Castile to Eleanor of England.
Imperial election
In 1256, on the death of William II of Holland, Alfonso's descent from the Hohenstaufen through his mother, a daughter of Philip of Swabia, gave him a claim to the German crown through the Hohenstaufen line. Alfonso's election as German king by the prince-electors encouraged him to enter into complicated schemes that involved excessive expenses but never to success. Alfonso never travelled to Germany, and his alliance with the Italian Ghibelline Lord Ezzelino IV da Romano deprived him of the support of Pope Alexander IV. His rival, Richard of Cornwall, went to Germany and was crowned in 1257 at Aachen.
To obtain money, Alfonso debased the coinage and then endeavoured to prevent a rise in prices by an arbitrary tariff. The little trade that took place in his dominions was ruined, and the burghers and peasants were deeply offended. His nobles, whom he tried to cow by sporadic acts of violence, rebelled against him in 1272. Reconciliation with the nobles was brought about by Alfonso's son Ferdinand in 1273.
After Richard of Cornwell's death, the German princes elected Rudolph of Habsburg (1273), Alfonso being declared deposed by Pope Gregory X. In 1275 Alfonso tried to meet with his imperial vicar in Italy, William VII of Montferrat (who had succeeded Ezzelino), and his Ghibelline allies in Piedmont and Lombardy to celebrate the victory against the Guelph Charles I of Anjou and be crowned in Lombardy. However, he was halted in his imperial ambitions in Provence by the Pope who, after a long negotiation, obtained Alfonso's oral renunciation of any claims to the Holy Roman Empire.
Civil war
Throughout his reign, Alfonso contended with his nobles, particularly the families of Nuño González de Lara, Diego López de Haro and Esteban Fernández de Castro, all of whom were formidable soldiers and instrumental in maintaining Castile's military strength in its frontier territories. According to some scholars Alfonso lacked the singleness of purpose required by a ruler who would devote himself to organization and also the combination of firmness with temper needed for dealing with his nobles although this is not a view taken by all. Others have argued that his efforts were too singularly focused on the diplomatic and financial arrangements surrounding his bid to become Holy Roman Emperor.
Alfonso's eldest son, Ferdinand, died in 1275 at the Battle of Écija against the Moroccan and Granadan invasion armies, leaving two infant sons. Alfonso's second son, Sancho, claimed to be the new heir, in preference to the children of Ferdinand de la Cerda, basing his claim on an old Castilian custom, that of proximity of blood and agnatic seniority. Alfonso preferred to leave the throne to his grandsons, but Sancho had the support of the nobility. A bitter civil war broke out resulting in Alfonso's being forced in 1282 to accept Sancho as his heir instead of his young grandsons; only the cities of Seville, Murcia and Badajoz remained faithful to him. Son and nobles alike supported the Moors when he tried to unite the nation in a crusade; and when he allied himself with Abu Yusuf Yakub, the ruling Marinid sultan of Morocco, they denounced him as an enemy of the faith. A reaction in his favour was beginning in his latter days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville in 1284, leaving a will, by which he endeavoured to exclude Sancho, and a heritage of civil war.
Economic policy
In 1273, he created the Mesta, an association of some 3,000 petty and great sheep holders in Castile, in reaction to less wool being exported from the traditional sites in England. This organization later became exceedingly powerful in the country (as wool became Castile's first major exportable commodity and reported a trade surplus, called "white gold", as the wool amount was critical to the health of the population during the winter), and eventually its privileges were to prove a deadly wound in the Castilian economy. One side effect of the quickly expanding sheep herds was the decimation to the Castilian farmland through which the sheep grazed.
The original function of the Mesta was to separate the fields from the sheep-ways linking grazing areas.
Legislative activity
As a ruler, Alfonso showed legislative capacity, and a wish to provide the kingdoms expanded under his father with a code of laws and a consistent judicial system. The Fuero Real or royal charter which endeavoured to codify these laws was probably his work. He began one of medieval Europe's most comprehensive law codes, the Siete Partidas, which, however, thwarted by the nobility of Castile, was only promulgated by his great-grandson. Because of this, and because the Partidas remain fundamental law in the American Southwest, he is one of the 23 lawmakers depicted in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol.
Military training
From a young age Alfonso X showed an interest in military life and chivalry. In 1231 Alfonso traveled with Pérez de Castron on a military campaign in lower Andalusia. Writing in Estoria de España, Alfonso describes having seen St. James on a white horse with a white banner and a legion of knights fighting a war above the soldiers of Spain. This vision of a heavenly army fighting in Jerez and participation in military campaigns likely left Alfonso X with a high degree of knowledge and respect for military operations and chivalric knights. Alfonso's respect for chivalry can also be seen in his writing of Spanish law. Spanish Chivalric conduct was codified in the Siete Partidas (2,21) where he wrote that knights should be, "of good linage and distinguished by gentility, wisdom, understanding, loyalty, courage, moderation, justice, prowess, and the practical knowledge necessary to assess the quality of horse and arms (Siete Partidas, 21,1–10)." These efforts to make a codified standard of chivalric conduct were likely meant to both encourage strength of arms (prowess) and to restrain the use of violence for only just (state-sponsored) usage.
Court culture
King Alfonso X developed a court culture that encouraged cosmopolitan learning. Alfonso had many works previously written in Arabic and Latin translated into vernacular Castilian in his court. Alfonso "turned to the vernacular for the kind of intellectual commitments that formerly were inconceivable outside Latin." He is credited with encouraging the extensive written use of the Castilian language instead of Latin as the language used in courts, churches, and in books and official documents (although his father, Ferdinand III, had begun to use it for some documents). This translation of Arabic and Classic documents into vernacular encouraged the development of Spanish sciences, literature, and philosophy.
Translations
From the beginning of his reign, Alfonso employed Jewish, Christian and Muslim scholars at his court, primarily for the purpose of translating books from Arabic and Hebrew into Latin and Castilian, although he always insisted on personally supervising the translations. This group of scholars formed his royal scriptorium, continuing the tradition of the twelfth-century Escuela de Traductores de Toledo (Toledo School of Translators). Their final output promoted Castilian as a learning language both in science and literature, and established the foundations of the new Spanish language. This evolved version of the Castilian language also acquired significant relevance in the royal chancery, where it came to replace Latin, which until then had been the language commonly used for royal diplomacy in Castile and León.
The very first translation, commissioned by his brother, Fernando de la Cerda—who had extensive experience, both diplomatic and military, among the Muslims of southern Iberia and north Africa—was a Castilian version of the animal fable Kalila wa-Dimna, a book that belongs to the genre of wisdom literature labeled Mirrors for Princes: stories and sayings meant to instruct the monarch in proper and effective governance.
The primary intellectual work of these scholars centered on astronomy and astrology. The early period of Alfonso's reign saw the translation of selected works of magic (Lapidario, Picatrix, Libro de las formas et las ymagenes) all translated by a Jewish scholar named Yehuda ben Moshe (Yhuda Mosca, in the Old Spanish source texts). These were all highly ornate manuscripts (only the Lapidario survives in its entirety) containing what was believed to be secret knowledge on the magical properties of stones and talismans. In addition to these books of astral magic, Alfonso ordered the translation of well-known Arabic astrological compendia, including the Libro de las cruzes and Libro conplido en los iudizios de las estrellas. The first of these was, ironically, translated from Latin (it was used among the Visigoths), into Arabic, and then back into Castilian and Latin. Most of the texts first translated at this time survive in only one manuscript each.
Astronomy
As an intellectual he gained considerable scientific fame based on his encouragement of astronomy, which included astrology at the time and the Ptolemaic cosmology as known to him through the Arabs. He surrounded himself with mostly Jewish translators who rendered Arabic scientific texts into Castilian at Toledo. His fame extends to the preparation of the Alfonsine tables, based on calculations of al-Zarqali, "Arzachel". Alexander Bogdanov maintained that these tables formed the basis for Copernicus's development of a heliocentric understanding in astronomy.
Because of this work, the lunar crater Alphonsus is named after him. One famous, but apocryphal, quote attributed to him upon his hearing an explanation of the extremely complicated mathematics required to demonstrate Ptolemy's theory of astronomy was "If the Lord Almighty had consulted me before embarking on creation thus, I should have recommended something simpler." Gingerich (1990) says that a form of this alleged quotation was mentioned (but rejected) as early as the 16th century by the historian Jerónimo de Zurita, and that Soriano Viguera (1926) states that "nothing of the sort can be found in Alfonso's writings." Nevertheless, Dean Acheson (U.S. Secretary of State, 1949–1953) used it as the basis for the title and epigraph of his memoir Present at the Creation.
Chronicles
Alfonso also commissioned a compilation of chronicles, the Crónica general, completed in 1264. This chronicle sought to establish a general history and drew from older chronicles, folklore and Arabic sources. This work enjoyed renewed popularity starting in the sixteenth century, when there was a revival of interest in history; Florián de Ocampo published a new edition and Lorenzo de Sepúlveda used it as the chief source of his popular romances. Sepúlveda wrote a number of romances having Alfonso X as their hero.
Historical works
Alfonso's court compiled in Castilian a work titled General Estoria. This work was an attempt at a world history that drew from many sources and included translations from the Vulgate Old Testament mixed with myths and histories from the classical world, mostly Egypt, Greece, and Rome. This world history was left incomplete, however, and so it stops at the birth of Christ. The main significance of this work lies in the translations from Latin into Castilian. Much like his chronicles, the ability of Alfonso's court to compile writings from a variety of cultures and translate them into Castilian left a historic impact on Spain.
Alfonso X is credited with the first depiction of an hórreo, a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The oldest document containing an image of an hórreo is Alfonso's Cantigas de Santa Maria (song CLXXXVII) from XII A.C. In this depiction, three rectangular hórreos of Gothic style are illustrated.
Games
Alfonso also had the Libro de ajedrez, dados, y tablas ("Libro de los Juegos" (The Book of Games)) translated into Castilian from Arabic and added illustrations with the goal of perfecting the work. It was completed in 1283. The Libro de juegos contains an extensive collection of writings on chess, with over 100 chess problems and chess variants.
Music
Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the vast compilation Cantigas de Santa Maria
Cantigas de Santa MariaSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 9 tracksA1Cantiga 384. A que por muy gran fremosura4:03A2Cantiage 159. Non sofre Santa Maria5:03A3Cantiga 60. Entre Av' e Eva3:20A4Cantiga 340. Virgen Madre groriosa9:02B1Cantiga 150. A que Deus ama, amar devemos3:12B2Cantiga 322. A Virgen, que de Deus Madre6:13B3Cantiga 391. Como pod' a Groriosa4:50B4Cantiga 27. Non devemos por maravilla teer7:29B5Cantiga 20. Virga de Jesse3:14 ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), which was written in Galician–Portuguese and figures among the most important of his works. The Cantigas de Santa Maria form one of the largest collections of vernacular monophonic songs to survive from the Middle Ages. They consist of 420 poems with musical notation. The poems are for the most part on miracles attributed to the Virgin Mary. One of the miracles Alfonso relates is his own healing in Puerto de Santa María.
Family
Violante was twelve or thirteen years old at the time of her marriage to Alfonso; she produced no children for several years and it was feared that she was barren. Alfonso almost had their marriage annulled, but they went on to have eleven children:
Berengaria (1253 – after 1284). She was betrothed to Louis, the son and heir of King Louis IX of France, but her fiancé died prematurely in 1260. She entered the convent in Las Huelgas, where she was living in 1284.
Beatrice (1254–1280). She married William VII, Marquess of Montferrat.
Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile (23 October 1255 – 25 July 1275). He married Blanche, the daughter of King Louis IX of France, by whom he had two children. Because he predeceased his father, his younger brother Sancho succeeded to the throne.
Eleanor (1257–1275)
Sancho IV of Castile (13 May 1258 – 1295)
Constance (1258 – 22 August 1280), a nun at Las Huelgas.
Peter, Lord of Ledesma (June 1260 – 10 October 1283)
John, Lord of Valencia de Campos (March or April 1262 – 25 June 1319).
Isabella, died young.
Violant (1265–1296). She married Diego López V de Haro, Lord of Biscay
James, Lord of Cameros (August 1266 – 9 August 1284)
Alfonso X also had several illegitimate children. With Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, daughter of Guillén Pérez de Guzmán and of María González Girón, he fathered:
Beatrice, married King Afonso III of Portugal.
With Elvira Rodríguez de Villada, daughter of Rodrigo Fernández de Villada, he fathered:
Alfonso Fernández de Castilla (1242–1281), also known as el Niño, he held the title of "Señor de Molina y Mesa" through his marriage with Blanca Alfonso de Molina.
With María Alfonso de León, his aunt, the illegitimate daughter of the King Alfonso IX of León and Teresa Gil de Soverosa he had:
Berenguela Alfonso of Castile, who married Pedro Núñez de Guzmán in 1264, but died young leaving behind no descendants.
Discography & profile
Normalised profile
Percentiles are computed over every artist in the database, so a tier-3 artist can still sit in the 95th percentile on a single axis.
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 78 | 99th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 33 | 91.2th |
| Studio albums | 33 | 98.4th |
| Awards recorded | 1 | 89th |
| Timeline events | 35 | 97.5th |
| Recording span (years) | -685 | 0th |
| Genres | 5 | 88.3th |
Percentiles are computed at render time; missing values mean the artist has no data on that axis.
Discography (33 release groups · 33 studio albums)
Albums · 33
1969 · studio album
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Tracklist · 24 tracks · 49:02
Disc 11CSM 000-B. Prólogo. Porque trobar é cousa en que jaz3:082CSM 001. Des oge mais quer' eu trobar (instr.)1:283CSM 020. Virga de Jesse2:514CSM 029. Nas mentes senpre teer (instr.)1:125CSM 040. Deus te salve, groriosa3:206CSM 118. Fazer pode d' outri vive-los seu1:43Disc 21CSM 079. ¡Ay, Santa Maria1:062CSM 384. A que por gran fremosura é chamada Fror das frores2:403CSM 216. O que en Santa [Maria] de coraçon confiar (instr.) [1:244CSM 100. Santa Maria, strela do dia2:495CSM 166. Como poden per sas culpas os omes seer contreitos,1:306CSM 159. Non sofre Santa Maria de seeren perdidosos (instr.)1:15Disc 31CSM 421 (I,11). Nenbre-sse-te, Madre2:402CSM 302. A madre de Jhesu Cristo, que é Sennor de nobrezas (instr.)1:243CSM 058. De muitas guisas nos guarda de mal1:454CSM 353. Quen a omagen da Virgen e de seu Fillo onrrar (instr.)1:545CSM 025. Pagar ben pod' o que dever1:096CSM 179. Ben sab' a que pod' e val (instr.)1:10Disc 41CSM 424 (2-II). Pois que dos Reys Nostro Sennor1:382CSM 222. Quen ouver na Groriosa fiança con fe conplida (instr.)1:423CSM 320. Santa Maria leva2:404CSM 279. Santa Maria, valed', ai Sennor3:015CSM 380. Sen calar nen tardar2:276CSM 401. Macar poucos cantares acabei e con son, (Petiçon)3:061981 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 46:26
A1Cantiga 384. A que por muy gran fremosura4:03A2Cantiage 159. Non sofre Santa Maria5:03A3Cantiga 60. Entre Av' e Eva3:20A4Cantiga 340. Virgen Madre groriosa9:02B1Cantiga 150. A que Deus ama, amar devemos3:12B2Cantiga 322. A Virgen, que de Deus Madre6:13B3Cantiga 391. Como pod' a Groriosa4:50B4Cantiga 27. Non devemos por maravilla teer7:29B5Cantiga 20. Virga de Jesse3:141990 · studio album
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Tracklist · 12 tracks · 10:36
1序の歌「詩つくり、歌うは」4:422聖マリアを深く愛しましょう5:543エサイの処女4世に生まれてこなかったほうが5ああ、聖なるマリア6聖なるマリア、夜明けの星よ7聖処女よ、光栄ある母よ8光栄ある御方に9アヴェとエヴァとのあいだには10聖母様に頌詩を奉り11天国への道を12わたしの歌は尽きかけ1993 · studio album
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Tracklist · 13 tracks · 1:10:12
1Introduction (CSM 176)1:382Santa Maria, strela do dia (CSM 100)3:013Pero cantigas de loor (CSM 400)3:524Instrumental (CSM 123)3:445Muito faz grand'erro (CSM 209)12:306Por nos de dulta tirar (CSM 18)8:107Instrumental (CSM 142)4:168Pode por Santa Maria (CSM 163)5:119Miragres fremosos faz por nos (CSM 37)4:1810Instrumental (CSM 77-119)4:1111De toda chaga ben pode guarir (CSM 126)10:0812Pero que seja a gente (CSM 181)6:2213Conclusion (CSM 176)2:511994 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 59:19
1Cantiga 2: Muito devemos, varones, loar a Santa María7:292Cantiga 116: Dereit' é de lume dar a que Madr' é do lume6:213Cantiga 76: Instrumental3:034Cantiga 212: Tod' aquel que pola Virgen quisier do seu ben fazer7:475Cantiga 12: O que a Santa Maria mais despraz9:086Cantiga 72: Instrumental2:337Cantiga 122: Milagros muitos pelos reis faz Santa Maria7:268Cantiga 69: Santa Maria os enfermos sana15:321995 · studio album
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Tracklist · 13 tracks · 1:00:24
1Prologo (CSM 60)2:172Por nos de dulta tirar (CSM 18)7:253Instrumental (CSM 206)2:544Quen serve Santa Maria (CSM 213)5:425Rosa das rosas (CSM 10)4:466Que por al non devess (CSM 295)5:477Entre Av'e Eva (CSM 60)2:228Instrumental (CSM 361)4:349Virgen, madre gloriosa (CSM 340)8:3510Instrumental (CSM 206)4:0411A Virgen, que de Deus madre (CSM 322)6:5312Aquel que de volontade (CSM 249)3:5113Epilogo (CSM 60)1:141997 · studio album
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Tracklist · 12 tracks · 1:11:59
1CSM 352: El azor del viso (instrumental)3:222CSM 374: Almogávares5:363CSM 381: El niño de San Marcos5:434CSM 225: La araña (instrumental)2:445CSM 124: Ente ambos mares3:576CSM 345: El Alcázar de Jerez14:037CSM 371: La mujer náufraga7:398CSM 335: Los ídolos (instrumental)2:489CSM 391: La moza de Jerez5:2910CSM 143: Lluvia en Jerez5:2911CSM 359: El hijo cautivo7:1212CSM 398: Domingo y los treinta corderos7:571998 · studio album
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Tracklist · 11 tracks · 1:02:31
1CSM 327: Las piernas (Instrumental)3:172CSM 293: El juglar de Lombardía4:463CSM 206: El Papa León de Roma6:314CSM 335: Ídolos de Sicília10:385CSM 407: Ciego por el demonio3:066CSM 136: La Imagen de Foggia de Apulia6:237CSM 219: El púlpito de Siena5:468CSM 87: El obispo de Pavia5:169CSM 92: Clérigo ciego2:1710CSM 73: La casulla de Turín4:4311CSM 132: El clérigo de Pisa9:481999 · studio album
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Tracklist · 17 tracks
1"Voulez-vous que je vous chante"2Reverdie :"Volez vous que je vous chante"3Domino - École de Notre-Dame4Danse brékilienne5Ce fu en Mai6Chanson legiere a entendre7Branle Gay8Sire Cuens, j'ai vielé9Les Roches Morgan10Le Roi Renaud - Bretagne11Trop penser me font amour12Trotto13Au renouvel du tens14Allererst lebe ich mir werde15Chanson du Roi de Navarre16Poème de Castelloza, femme troubadour17EstampieCantigas de Castilla - La Mancha
2000 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:04:26
1CSM 142: La garza del rio Henares (Instrumental)2:202CSM 246: La mujer de Alcazar de San Juan8:163CSM 179: La mujer de Molina5:264CSM 397(192): El moro de Consuegra8:015CSM 256: La reina doña Beatriz7:306CSM 205: Uclés y Calatrava - La mora y su niño6:197CSM 162: La imagen de Santa María de Cañete5:018CSM 383: Las peregrinas de Sigüenza a Jerusalem7:289CSM 178: La mula del niño de Alcaraz7:2310CSM 97: La calumnia de Mateo, privado del rey6:42Cantigas del Puerto de Santa María 1
2000 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 1:05:39
1CSM 151: Clérigo lujurioso (Instrumental)2:562CSM 328: Alcanate - Santa María del Puerto12:403CSM 358: Cantos labrados5:444CSM 356: Las maderas del puente6:495CSM 364: La torre7:396CSM 377: Villa real6:457CSM 378: San Salvador de Sevilla8:558CSM 382: La heredad9:039CSM 385: La pedrada5:08Virgen de Atocha - Cántigas de Madrid
2000 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 1:07:42
1CSM 145: Alexandría (Instrumental)2:572CSM 142: Garza del río Henares6:423CSM 284: Monje y demonio6:154CSM 285: Monja y caballero14:505CSM 315: Espiga de trigo de Atocha8:106CSM 297: Virtud (Instrumental)3:367CSM 289/396: Labrador de Atocha6:078CSM 318: Cruz de plata en Hita9:099CSM 305: Cédula de confesión9:562000 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 1:12:02
1Cantiga 137: Sempr' acha Santa María razon verdadeira (instr.)2:062Cantiga 282: Par Deus, muit' à gran vertude na paravla comual (Segovia)5:133Cantiga 332: Atan gran poser o fogo non à per ren de queimar (León)9:464Cantiga 229: Razon é grand' e dereito que defenda ben a ssi (Palencia)7:255Cantiga 79: Ay, Santa María, (instr.)2:306Cantiga 291: Cantand' e en muitas guisas dev' om' a Virgen loar (Salamanca-Zamora)8:217Cantiga 63: Quen ben serv' a Madre do que quis mor[r]er (Soria)10:468Cantiga 221: Ben per está aos reis d'amaren Santa María (Burgos)6:589Cantiga 235: Como gradecer ben-feito é ecousa que muito val (Valladolid)18:57Bestiario - Cantigas de animales
2001 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:02:38
1CSN 189: El dragón (Instrumental)6:532CSN 243: Los halconeros5:563CSN 52: Las cabras montesas4:544CSN 103: El canto de la pajariña6:375CSN 82: Diablos como cerdos5:026CSN 286: Los judíos y la mordedura de un perro (Instrumental)3:287CSN 225: La araña en el cáliz5:428CSN 126: La colmena de abejas9:579CSN 18: Los gusanos de seda7:1410CSN 354: La comadreja (Bestiola)6:552001 · studio album
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Tracklist · 11 tracks · 58:32
1Cantigas de Santa María: 292. Instrumental3:082Cantigas de Santa María: 322. A de Virgen, que de Deus madre5:303Cantigas de Santa María: 173. Tantas en Santa María son merces e bondades9:194Cantigas de Santa María: 259. Instrumental2:515Cantigas de Santa María: 41. A Virgen madre de nostro Sennor6:186Cantigas de Santa María: 338. Muitos que pelos pecados que fazen perdan6:037Cantigas de Santa María: 375. En todos nos faz merçee3:578Cantigas de Santa María: 268. Instrumental1:589Cantigas de Santa María: 101. Ben pod' a Sennor sen par fazer oyr e falar3:1310Cantigas de Santa María: 189. Ben pode Santa María guarir de toda poçon8:5711Cantigas de Santa María: 393. Macar é door a rravia maravillosa e forte7:182002 · studio album
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Tracklist · 13 tracks · 1:09:19
1CSM 135: Alis y Félix4:342CSM 112: La nave cargada de trigo5:323CSM 153: La romería sentada en silla5:444CSM 106: La ofrenda de clavos6:235CSM 157: La harina de los romeros3:336CSM 117: No trabajar en sábado7:447CSM 105: La doncella de Arras5:248CSM 147: La oveja que habló4:589CSM 127: La patada del mancebo4:4010CSM 159: La tajada de carne7:1411CSM 208: El hereje de Tolosa3:3912CSM 258: La masa del pan6:2413CSM 144: El toro de Plasencia3:302002 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:14:24
1CSM 144: El toro de Plasencia8:122CSM 334: El loco de Aroche6:023CSM 199: El pellejero de Terena6:564CSM 326: Ladrones de colmenas8:385CSM 329: Moro de Tudía11:036CSM 325: Cautiva de Tánger2:017CSM 197: Resurrección de un niño8:268CSM 319: La manceba rabiosa7:459CSM 213: Enemigo por celos9:3210CSM 198: Paz entre enemigos5:492003 · studio album
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Tracklist · 17 tracks · 2:10:48
Disc 11Ajedrez (Instrumental)3:492Escudero Cautivo (Quen os pecadores guia)10:043Las Cabalgadas (Os que a Santa María saben fazer reverença)9:354Niňo de Coria (Instrumental)3:145El Tesoro (Ben parte Santa Maria)13:236Los Corsarios (A que defende do demo)11:427Pueblo de Moros (Instrumental)4:008Cautivas de Tanger (Con dereit’a Virgen santa)9:58Disc 21Visión del Rey (Instrumental)2:422Las Reliquias (Ben guarda Santa Maria)7:273El Anillo del Rey Don Fernando (Muito demostra a Virgen)11:564Corazón de Doncella (Instrumental)3:335El Anillo de Don Manuel (A Virgen, cuja merçee é pelo mundo sabuda)11:176La Bestiola (Instrumental)3:287La imagen hermosa (Muito praz aa Virgen santa)7:298El Pescado (A que avondou do vinno)6:109Virgen de la Sede (A Sennor que mui ben soube)11:012004 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:19:44
1CSM 371: La mujer náufraga7:362CSM 412: Alva dos alvores9:253CSM 41: A Virgen madre de nostro sennor6:244Csm 233: Caballeros de otro mundo11:075CSM 376: El anillo de don Manuel11:166CSM 358: Cantos labrados5:437CSM 18: Los gusanos de seda7:128CSM 97: La calumnia de Mateo, privado del rey6:429CSM 111: El clérigo ahogado5:1210CSM 12: Los judíos de Toledo9:072005 · studio album
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Tracklist · 16 tracks · 1:11:54
1Prologue to the "Cantigas de Santa María" (Porque trobar é cousa en que jaz)6:082Cantiga de Santa María No. 139 "Maravillosos e piadosos"5:493Cantiga de Santa María No. 234 "A que faz os peccadores dos peccados repentir"5:594Cantiga de Santa María No. 42 "A Virgen mui groriosa"5:425Cantiga de Santa María No. 29 "Nas mentes senpre teer"1:536Cantiga de Santa María No. 10 "Rosa das rosas e Fror das frores"5:497Cantiga de Santa María No. 70 "Eno nome de María"5:128Cantiga de Santa María No. 384 "A que por gran fremosura é chamada Fror das frores"5:029Cantiga de Santa María No. 380 "Sen calar"2:4810Cantiga de Santa María No. 90 "Sola fusti, senlleira"2:2111Cantiga de Fiestas de Santa María No. 422 "Madre de Deus, ora por nos teu Fill' essa ora" (Sibylline verse)9:0812Cantiga de Santa María No. 110 "Tant' é Santa María de ben mui conprida"3:1513Cantiga de Santa María No. 350 "Santa María, Sennor"3:0914Cantiga de Santa María No. 400 "Pero Cantigas de loor"4:0215Cantiga de Santa María No. 20 "Virga de Jesse"4:3216Cantiga de Santa María 29 "Nas mentes senpre teer"1:052005 · studio album
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Tracklist · 14 tracks
1CSM 68: Rivales en amores "A groriosa grandes faz"2CSM 77: Santa María de Lugo "Da que Deus mamou o leite do seu peito"3CSM 61: Boca torcida "Fol é que cuida que non poderia"4CSM 327: Las piernas "Porque ben Santa Mara sabe os seus dões dar"5CSM 74: El pintor "Quen Santa Mara quiser deffender"6CSM 92: Clérico ciego "Santa Maria poder á"7CSM 81: Fuego en el rostro "Par Deus, tal sennor muito val"8CSM 407: Ciego por el demonio "Como o demo cofonder"9CSM 91: Fuego de San Marcial "A Virgen nos dá saud' e tolle mal"10CSM 259: Los juglares "Santa Maria punna d'aviir"11CSM 71: El ave Maria "Se muito non amamos, gran sandeçe fazemos"12CSM 76: El rapto de da imagen "Quenas sas figuras da Virgen partir"13CSM 62: Bona dona "Santa Maria sempr' os seus ajuda"14CSM 72: El tahúr "Quien diz mal"2008 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 57:02
1CSM 242: El cantero de Castrogeriz6:422CSM 249: La caída del cantero de Castrogeriz7:383CSM 266: La viga de madera de Castrogeriz6:094CSM 373 / 267: Entre las olas del mar Cantábrico3:355CSM 252: Salvados de la arena en Castrogeriz8:026CSM 361: La imagen del monasterio de las Huelgas6:237CSM 303: La niña del monasterio de las Huelgas6:138CSM 274: El fraile de Burgos12:202008 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 58:39
1CSM 14: El dominico de San Pedro de Colonia7:202CSM 42: El anillo y la estatua13:123CSM 299: Orden de Santa María de España (Instrumental)4:384CSM 294: La tahura alemana en Puglia9:065CSM 149: Escéptico de la eucaristía9:296CSM 95: Conde Abrán ermitaño14:542010 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 58:49
1CSM 139 Maravillosos milagros6:582CSM 158 Caballero preso8:023CSM102 El clérigo y los ladrones4:124CSM 32 El clérigo ignorante8:095CSM 216 Pacto con el demonio4:466CSM 261 Visión de los santos9:087CSM 267-373 El mercader de Flandes12:068CSM 11 El monje ahogado5:282011 · studio album
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Tracklist · 7 tracks · 56:45
1CSM 423: La creación del mundo9:022CSM 424: Epifanía. La adoración de los Reyes Magos7:403CSM 425: Resurrección4:134CSM 426: Ascensión6:235CSM 427: Espíritu Santo10:336CSM 406: Las mayas13:147CSM 403: Los siete pesares5:40Codex Calixtinus: Missa Sancti Jacobi
2012 · studio album
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Tracklist · 16 tracks · 1:06:19
1Versus Calixti Pape Cantandi Ad Processionem Sti.Iacobi2:542Introitus15:443Kyrie1:204Gloria5:445Collecta1:136Farsa Lectionis De Missa Sti. Iacobi9:437Graduale5:358Alleluia, Sanctissime Apostole2:269Evangelium3:0410Offertorium, Magister Albertus Parisiensis2:5211Praefatium7:3612Agnus2:0313Communio0:3814Postcommunio1:0015Benedicamus2:4116Conductum1:462013 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 1:01:32
1Intitulatio2:322Prólogo6:363CSM 1: Los siete gozos6:544CSM 100: Estrella del día4:495CSM 200: Alabé, alabo y alabaré6:506CSM 279: Gran enfermedad5:287CSM 300: Siempre loar7:228CSM 400: Maneras de loar2:529CSM 401: Epílogo, petiçon18:092021 · studio album
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Tracklist · 18 tracks · 2:01:25
Disc 11CSM 1: Los siete gozos (Instrumental)3:162CSM 16: Cien ave marías al día, desposorio contra promesa11:483CSM 15: Emperador Juliano, milagro de San Basilio3:484CSM 3: La carta de Theophilo6:235CSM 5: Emperatriz de Roma4:336CSM 74: El pintor de la Virgen4:167CSM 405: El paño de Blancherna de Constantinopla2:588CSM 56: Cinco rosas, cinco salmos5:239CSM 58: La monja y el sueño del pozo8:0710CSM 65: Ermitaño de Alejandría3:1311CSM 21: El niño de la mujer esteril5:42Disc 21CSM 33: Peregrinos a Jerusalén en Acre. Los cuatro elementos3:492CSM 45: El mal caballero constructor de monasterio12:433CSM 13: Elbo bandolero honrado6:104CSM 67: Demonio por criado, en tiempos de Nerón4:555CSM 404: Curado por la leche de la Virgen8:376CSM 115: El muchacho y el ermitaño de la montaña negra5:457CSM 75: El rico y la viuda pobre19:592021 · studio album
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Tracklist · 19 tracks · 1:04:52
1Roÿne celestre2:102Cantigas de Santa Maria: Prólogo0:183Cantiga 119: Como somos per conssello do démo perdudos6:344Cantiga 123: De Santa María sinal qual xe quér3:315Cantiga 38: Pois que Déus quis da Virgen fillo seer4:326Cantiga 308: De todo mal pód’ a Virgen a quena ama sãar3:467Cantiga 186: Quen na Virgen santa muito fïará6:258Cantiga 201: Muit’ é mais a pïadade de Santa María1:449Cantiga 76: Quenas sas figuras da Virgen partir quér3:3410Cantiga 292: Muito demóstra a Virgen, a Sennor esperital, sa lealdade4:5011Cantiga 79: Ai, Santa María, quen se per vós guía5:2012Cantiga 159: Non sofre Santa María de seeren perdidosos4:3713Cantiga 51: A Madre de Déus devemos tẽer mui cara3:4814Cantiga 186: Quen na Virgen santa muito1:2015Cantiga 52: Mui gran dereit’ é d’ as bestias obedecer2:1316Cantiga 77: Da que Déus mamou o leite do séu peito4:0717Codex Calixtinus: Kyrie rex immense0:4718Codex Calixtinus: Congaudeant catholici3:1619Cantiga 166: Como póden per sas culpas2:002021 · studio album
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Tracklist · 13 tracks · 1:02:37
1Prólogo – Porque trobar4:372Como póden, CSM 1663:453Madre de Déus, CSM 4226:314Dized’, ai trobadores, CSM 2602:455Aquela que a séu Fillo, CSM 2586:106Alegría, alegría, CSM 4255:027Ontre toda las vertudes, CSM 3236:168Santa María amar, CSM 75:329Miragres fremosos, CSM 373:3910Ai, Santa María, CSM 792:3811Rósa das rósas, CSM 105:5212Santa María, caled’, ai Sennor, CSM 2794:2113Quantos en Santa María, CSM 665:29Cantigas de Huesca, Santa María de Salas
2022 · studio album
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Tracklist · 23 tracks · 2:22:21
Disc 11CSM 166: Tullido curado en Salas4:082CSM 167: La mora de Borja y su niño revivido en Salas4:163CSM 164: El abad de Montearagón, el grito de la Virgen9:474CSM 168: La mujer de Lérida y su niño revivido en Salas2:435CSM 161: El viñedo protegido del granizo en Morella5:506CSM 189: El dragón de Valencia6:587CSM 109: Cinco diablos, exorcismo en Salas6:368CSM 247: La niña ciega curada en Salas5:139CSM 171: El niño de la Pedraza salvado de un río10:5210CSM 179: La mujer de Molina de Aragón2:1411CSM 172: Cruz de cristal, peregrinos de Acre a Jerusalén5:4512CSM 173: El mal de piedra6:55Disc 21CSM 408: El escudero de Lombardía4:082CSM 114: Mancebo urado en Salas6:263CSM 118: La mujer de Zaragoza, niño nacido muerto revivido en Salas6:234CSM 129: Saeta en el ojo y Santa María de Salas4:025CSM 191: La caída de la alcaldesa de Ródenas de Albarracín6:306CSM 43: El niño de Daroca revivido en Salas8:337CSM 44: El azor perdido del Caballero5:198CSM 163: El tahúr blasfemo de Huesca6:309CSM 176: El cautivo de Mallorca liberado10:3310CSM 178: La mula del niño de Alcaraz3:4311CSM 177: Los ojos restaurados8:57Remedios Curativos (Cantigas de Santa Maria. Eduardo Paniagua)
— · studio album
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Tracklist · 11 tracks · 58:27
1Instrumental cantiga 2923:082A Virgen, de de Deus Madre5:303Tantas en Santa Maria son mercees e bondades9:174Instrumental cantiga 2592:505A Virgen Madre de Nostro Sennor6:196Muitos que pelos pecados que fazen perden o lume6:037En todo nos faz mercee3:548Instrumental cantiga 2681:589Ben pod'a sennor sen par fazer oyr e falar3:1310Ben pode Santa Maria guarir de toda pocon8:5711Macar e door a rravia maravillosa e forte7:18— · studio album
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Tracklist · 20 tracks · 48:20
A1Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X Le Sage: Prologue: Porque trobar1:52A2Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X Le Sage: Maravillosos et piadosos (139)2:07A3Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X Le Sage: Offondo do mar tan châo faz (383)2:16A4Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X Le Sage: Santa Maria (320)1:58A5Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Grande reif' e que mal venna (244)2:02A6Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Fazer pode d'outri vivelos seus fillos (118)2:14A7Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Cantiga de Mayo: Benvennas Mayo!1:30A8Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Nembressete madre de Deus (11)2:58A9Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Asi pod' a Virgen1:20A10Dix Cantigas d'Alphonse X le Sage: Virgen, Madre gioriosa (340)5:02A1Selh que no vol auzir cansos1:5412Jhesu Christ, filh de Diu viu1:5713Quan vei la laudeta mover2:5014En cantan m'aven a mambrar3:4915L'autrier jost' una sebissa1:0316Fort chausa aujatz, que tot lo major dan6:0217Pois tornatz sui en Proensa1:5618Lancan li jorn1:5919Bella donna cara2:2020Mout m'enoja s'o auzes dire1:11
Stats & PK
Percentile within all 23,672 published artists.Put Alfonso X of Castile and Leon head-to-head →
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 78 | 99th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 33 | 91.2th |
| Studio albums | 33 | 98.4th |
| Awards recorded | 1 | 89th |
| Timeline events | 35 | 97.5th |
| Recording span (years) | -685 | 0th |
| Genres | 5 | 88.3th |
Awards & honours
| Year | Award | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Galician Literature Day | won |
Where this record comes from
portrait—Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alfonso_X_el_Sabio_en_El_libro_de_los_juegos.jpgaliases/urls—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6c7be16e-8fb3-44c7-841e-4cf2f08c13e4discography—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6c7be16e-8fb3-44c7-841e-4cf2f08c13e4core—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47595genre—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47595seed-list—wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castilebiography—wikipedia-en · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile
Why this artist is in the database
- List of composers by name
Tier rule: global reach (78 language versions)
Image: Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Wikidata: Q47595 · MusicBrainz: 6c7be16e-8fb3-44c7-841e-4cf2f08c13e4
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