Allan Holdsworth
Person · male · United Kingdom · Q22905 · born 1946 · died 2017 · recording since 1976
British musician (1946–2017)
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Also known as Alan Holdsworth · アラン・ホールズワース
Timeline
1940s
1970s
· Debut release
Debut release: Velvet Darkness
First documented Album in the MusicBrainz discography.
source: musicbrainz
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Biography
Biography
Allan Holdsworth (6 August 1946 – 15 April 2017) was a British jazz and rock guitarist, violinist and composer. He contributed to numerous bands, including Soft Machine, U.K., The Tony Williams Lifetime, Pierre Moerlen's Gong, Bruford, Level 42, and Planet X, in addition to solo work in multiple genres.
Holdsworth was known for his esoteric and idiosyncratic usage of advanced music theory concepts, especially with respect to melody and harmony. His music incorporates a vast array of complex chord progressions, often using unusual chord shapes in an abstract way based on his understanding of "chord scales", and intricate improvised solos, frequently across shifting tonal centres. He used myriad scale forms often derived from those such as the Lydian, diminished, harmonic major, augmented, whole tone, chromatic and altered scales, among others, often resulting in an unpredictable and dissonant "outside" sound. His unique legato soloing technique stemmed from his original desire to play the saxophone, hence why he strove to use the guitar to create similarly smooth lines of notes. He also became associated with playing an early form of guitar synthesizer called the SynthAxe, made by a company he endorsed in the 1980s.
Early life
Holdsworth was born in Bradford, where he was raised by his maternal grandparents, Sam and Elsie Holdsworth. He was raised in a house on Priestman Street, and went to the nearby Drummond Street Middle School. Sam Holdsworth was a jazz pianist who had previously moved to London to pursue a career in music, but had eventually returned to Bradford. Holdsworth was given his first guitar at the age of 17 and received his initial music tuition from his grandfather. His professional career began when he joined the Glen South Band, which performed on the Mecca club circuit across Northern England.
Early career and 1970s
Holdsworth first recorded in 1969 with the band 'Igginbottom on their lone release, 'Igginbottom's Wrench (later reissued under the group name of "Allan Holdsworth & Friends"). In 1971 he joined Sunship, an improvisational band featuring keyboardist Alan Gowen, future King Crimson percussionist Jamie Muir and bassist Laurie Baker. They played live but never released any recorded material. Next came a brief stint with jazz rock band Nucleus, with whom Holdsworth played on their 1972 album, Belladonna; likewise with progressive rock band Tempest, on their self-titled first studio album in 1973. His playing can also be heard on a live BBC Radio concert from that year, which was released several decades later in 2005 as part of Under the Blossom: The Anthology, a Tempest compilation album most notable for the song "Gorgon". There has been an urban myth, propagated in part by the singer Donovan, that Holdsworth played the fuzztone solo on Donovan's 1968 hit "Hurdy Gurdy Man", but the solo was actually played by Alan Parker.
During the middle part of the decade, Holdsworth worked with various well-known progressive rock and jazz fusion artists, including Soft Machine (Bundles and Land of Cockayne), The New Tony Williams Lifetime (Believe It and Million Dollar Legs), Pierre Moerlen's Gong (Gazeuse!, Expresso II and Time is the Key), and Jean-Luc Ponty (Enigmatic Ocean), experiences he valued—especially his time spent with drummer Tony Williams. In 1976 came the first of Holdsworth's many frustrations with the music industry, when CTI Records released a recording of what Holdsworth thought was a rehearsal session as an official studio album, Velvet Darkness
Velvet DarknessSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 8 tracksA1Good Clean Filth5:20A2Floppy Hat2:46A3Wish4:20A4Kinder3:07B1Velvet Darkness4:42B2Karzie Key3:11B3Last May1:38B4Gattox4:51. This angered Holdsworth, who said decades later that he still loathed the album intensely and wished it were never made public.
In 1977, Holdsworth was recruited by drummer and Yes original member Bill Bruford to play on his debut album, Feels Good to Me (released January 1978). Shortly afterwards, Bruford formed the progressive rock supergroup U.K. with keyboardist/violinist Eddie Jobson and bassist John Wetton; Holdsworth was brought in on the recommendation of Bruford. Despite getting along well with them personally and enjoying the recording of their 1978 self-titled album, Holdsworth claims that he "detested" his time spent with the group, and that it was "miserable" due to numerous musical differences whilst on tour, namely Jobson and Wetton's desire for Holdsworth to play his solos to an organised structure for each show, something to which he vehemently objected.
1978 also saw Holdsworth do more traditional jazz material with a short-lived outfit named The Allan Holdsworth Quartet, which did a live recording for BBC Radio in that year under the program name "Live At The BBC." This group included Pat Smythe on piano, Darryl Runswick on bass, and Harold Fisher on drums.
Whilst U.K. continued with different musicians, Bruford returned to the core line-up of his solo band now simply named Bruford, with Holdsworth retained as guitarist. Their second album, One of a Kind, was released in 1979 and featured extensive contributions by Holdsworth, but by this point he wished to pursue his own musical aspirations and soon left the group, albeit with some reluctance.
1980s
Holdsworth's first significant collaboration was with jazz pianist Gordon Beck on the latter's Sunbird album in 1979. Their first collaborative release The Things You See followed in 1980, and was a largely similar effort but without percussion or bass. Soon afterwards, Holdsworth joined up with drummer Gary Husband and bassist Paul Carmichael in a trio that became known as False Alarm. This was Holdsworth's first outing as a bandleader and, after the acquisition of former Tempest singer Paul Williams, the band was renamed I.O.U. Their self-titled debut album was released independently in 1982, followed by a mainstream reissue through Enigma Records in 1985.
Immediately after I.O.U.'s release, guitarist Eddie Van Halen brought Holdsworth to the attention of Warner Bros. Records executive Mo Ostin. Van Halen had previously enthused about Holdsworth in a 1980 issue of Guitar Player magazine, saying "That guy is bad! He's fantastic; I love him", and that Holdsworth was "the best, in my book". Furthermore, in a 1981 interview for Guitar World magazine, he said that "To me Allan Holdsworth is number one".
This resulted in the Warner Bros. release of Road Games, an EP, in 1983. It was produced by longtime Van Halen executive producer Ted Templeman, and received a nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 1984 Grammy Awards. Holdsworth, however, disliked Road Games because of creative differences with Templeman. Former Cream singer Jack Bruce provided vocals on Road Games (Holdsworth and Bruce had played together with Billy Cobham, Didier Lockwood and David Sancious under the name A Gathering of Minds at Montreux in 1982), whilst the later incarnation of the I.O.U. band consisted of Paul Williams, drummer Chad Wackerman (who, along with Husband, would become a regular Holdsworth bandmember for the next three decades) and bassist Jeff Berlin.
Holdsworth was booked to perform at “Wolf and Rissmillers Country Club “, in Los Angeles, by Gary LoConti who later became Allan's manager for the next seven years. Having relocated permanently to Southern California LoConti negotiated a mutual parting of the ways with Warner Bros., allowing Allan to leave with the masters plus payment. LoConti then signed Holdsworth to Enigma (with sign on payment), for the 1985 release of Metal Fatigue (along with the aforementioned I.O.U. reissue). It was during this time that Flim & the BB's bassist Jimmy Johnson joined the band and, like Husband and Wackerman, remained a regular member of Holdsworth's touring bands until his death. Making his last appearance on vocals was Paul Williams, with whom Holdsworth claimed to have fallen out due to the selling of live bootlegs by Williams.
The Atavachron album in 1986 was a landmark release in that it was the first to feature Holdsworth's work with a brand new instrument named the SynthAxe. This unusually designed MIDI controller (different from a guitar synthesizer) would become a staple of Holdsworth's playing for the rest of his recording career, during which he would effectively become the public face of the instrument. The next year saw the release of a fourth album, Sand, which featured no vocals and showcased further SynthAxe experimentation. A second collaboration with Gordon Beck, With a Heart in My Song, followed in 1988.
In the late 1980s, Holdsworth set up his own recording studio named The Brewery in North County, San Diego, which would become one of the main recording locations for all of his studio albums beginning with Secrets
SecretsSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 8 tracks1City Nights2:332Secrets4:22354 Duncan Terrace4:354Joshua5:595Spokes3:336Maid Marion7:177Peril Premonition4:468Endomorph4:20 in 1989, and throughout the 1990s. In a 2005 interview, he stated that he no longer owned the studio following his divorce in 1999. Secrets introduced pianist Steve Hunt, who went on to play keyboard as a member of Holdsworth's touring band, and for two further albums.
1990s
A collaboration in 1990 with fusion guitarist Frank Gambale came about in the form of Truth in Shredding, an ambitious collaborative project put together by Mark Varney (brother of Shrapnel Records founder Mike Varney) through his Legato Records label. In December of that year, following the death of Level 42 guitarist Alan Murphy in 1989, Holdsworth was recruited by the band to play as a guest musician during a series of concerts at London's Hammersmith Odeon. With former I.O.U. partner Gary Husband now being the drummer for Level 42, these circumstances all led to Holdsworth contributing guitar work on five tracks for their 1991 album, Guaranteed. Holdsworth also played on Chad Wackerman's first two studio albums, Forty Reasons (1991) and The View (1993).
Holdsworth's first solo album of the decade was 1992's Wardenclyffe Tower
Wardenclyffe TowerSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 8 tracks15 to 105:362Sphere of Innocence5:593Wardenclyffe Tower8:444Dodgy Boat5:375Zarabeth6:316Against the Clock4:587Questions4:078Oneiric Moor1:41, which continued to feature the SynthAxe but also displayed his newfound interest in self-designed baritone guitars built by luthier Bill DeLap. With the 1994 release of Hard Hat Area, Holdsworth's touring band for that and the following year was composed of Steve Hunt, Husband and bassist Skúli Sverrisson. A collaboration in 1996 with brothers Anders and Jens Johansson resulted in Heavy Machinery, an album with more hard-edged playing from Holdsworth than was usual. In the same year, he was once again joined by Gordon Beck on None Too Soon, which contained interpretations of some of Holdsworth's favourite jazz standards.
2000s–2017
The decade began positively with the release of The Sixteen Men of Tain in 2000, but it turned out to be Holdsworth's last album recorded at The Brewery. Immediately afterwards, he abruptly slowed his solo output due to events in his personal life. A pair of official live albums, All Night Wrong
All Night WrongSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 8 tracks1Lanyard Loop5:462The Things You See6:533Alphrazallan7:044Funnels5:025Zone9:196Water on the Brain, Part 25:317Above & Below8:218Gas Lamp Blues7:59 and Then!, were released in 2002 and 2003 respectively, along with a double compilation album, The Best of Allan Holdsworth: Against the Clock, in 2005.
His eleventh album, Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent Movie
Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent MovieSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 9 tracks1The Duplicate Man (intro)1:522The Duplicate Man4:423Eeny Meeny4:484Please Hold On4:015Snow Moon8:046Curves5:367So Long5:318Bo Peep3:479Don’t You Know?9:12, was released in 2001. In a 2008 interview Holdsworth mentioned that a new studio album entitled Snakes and Ladders was slated for release in the same year through guitarist Steve Vai's Favored Nations label, but this did not happen. Further new material with Chad Wackerman and Jimmy Johnson was also said to be in the works. In a 2010 interview he claimed to have enough material for two albums, which he planned to begin recording after a show in Tel Aviv.
Throughout the latter half of the 2000s he extensively toured both North America and Europe, and played as a guest on albums by numerous artists. Notably, he was featured on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's 2004 album Mythology, as well as with the latter's progressive metal supergroup Planet X, on their 2007 album Quantum.
In 2006 and 2007 he performed with keyboardist Alan Pasqua, Wackerman and bassist Jimmy Haslip as part of a live tribute act in honour of the late Tony Williams, with whom Holdsworth and Pasqua had played in the mid-1970s; a DVD (Live at Yoshi's) and double album (Blues for Tony
Blues for TonySpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11Blues for Tony11:122The Fifth8:583It Must Be Jazz8:384Fred9:565Guitar Intro3:356Pud Wud9:58Disc 21Looking Glass10:072To Jaki, George and Thad4:513San Michele11:314Proto-Cosmos5:465Red Alert5:49) of this tour were released in 2008 and 2009 respectively. Throughout 2008–10 he toured with drummers Terry Bozzio and Pat Mastelotto, and bassist Tony Levin as HoBoLeMa, a supergroup playing improvised experimental music. On 3 November 2011, Holdsworth performed in Mumbai as part of drummer Virgil Donati's touring band. The following year, Holdsworth joined Chad Wackerman for a third time on a studio album by the latter, for Dreams Nightmares and Improvisations.
In 2015, Holdsworth launched a PledgeMusic venture to release new studio material, as part of a collection named Tales from the Vault. The album appeared in July 2016.
On 7 April 2017, Manifesto records released the box set The Man Who Changed Guitar Forever! The Allan Holdsworth Album Collection, which comprises remastered versions of 12 of Allan's solo albums. These 12 albums also have been released in a vinyl box set under the name The Allan Holdsworth Solo Album Collection, marking the first time many of these albums have been available on vinyl. At the same time, Manifesto also released the 2-CD compilation Eidolon, which features tracks selected by Holdsworth himself.
According to The Guardian, Holdsworth played his final gig in San Diego on 10 April 2017.
Posthumous releases
Manifesto Records has released six posthumous albums as of 2022. All are archival live recordings sourced from jazz festivals or state broadcasters. Live in Japan 1984, released in 2018, is the first authorized release of the widely bootlegged "Tokyo Dream" laserdisc, with a limited edition bonus DVD. "Warsaw Summer Jazz Days '98
Warsaw Summer Jazz Days '98SpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 23 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11The Sixteen Men of Tain6:422Looking Glass5:323Above and Below6:274Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:365Material Unreal9:07602748:137Letters of Marque11:588Texas7:369Proto-Cosmos3:58Disc 21Looking Glass2Water on the Brain - Pt. II3Improvisation4Material Unreal502746Letters of Marque7Texas8Proto-Cosmos9The Sixteen Men of Tain10Looking Glass11Improvisation12Above and Below13Texas14Proto-Cosmos", released in 2019, contains a CD and DVD of a concert that was originally broadcast on Polish TV. 2020 saw the release of "Frankfurt '86", a CD and DVD of Holdsworth's 1986 appearance at the Deutsches Jazz Festival. In 2021 two different concert recordings from Holdsworth's appearances at the Leverkusen Jazz Festival were released, the first from 1997 and the second from 2010. In 2022 Holdsworth's 2014 appearance at the Jarasum International Jazz Festival in Korea was released.
Holdsworth also appears on two tracks on German artist MSM Schmidt's 2017 album "Life", his latest studio recordings to be released as of 2019. Peter Lemer released the album "Jet Yellow" in 2019, featuring Holdsworth on the track "Dognose". This album was however recorded in 1977.
Compositions and style
Holdsworth's solo compositions are primarily instrumental, but vocals were prominent on all his 1980s albums except Sand. Two of his most recurring singers were Paul Williams (featured on I.O.U., Road Games and Metal Fatigue) and Rowanne Mark (Atavachron and Secrets). Additionally, he sang lead vocals on Igginbottom's Wrench and The Things You See, something he never did again. Early in his career he occasionally played violin (Velvet Darkness, Sunbird, Temporary Fault, The Things You See, I.O.U., "The Man Who Waved at Trains" by Soft Machine and "Upon Tomorrow" by Tempest) and acoustic guitar (Bundles, Velvet Darkness, U.K., Gazeuse! and Metal Fatigue). He felt he was not proficient at acoustic guitar because its percussive tonal quality did not accommodate the kind of legato playing he favoured.
Holdsworth's playing style combined elements of jazz and progressive rock, and drew upon scale forms often derived from those such as the Lydian, harmonic major, diminished, augmented, whole tone, chromatic and altered scales. In an instructional video, he mentioned that he often played altered scales that are unusual to the average player, such as F minor major 7th with a raised 4th, while also displaying an ability to recognize such complex scales in chord form with voicings up and down the neck, with each note being a member of a family.
In his solos he extensively used various fast legato techniques such as slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs (the latter being a personalised method more akin to a "reversed" hammer-on); all of which produce a fluid lead sound. One of the reasons for his renowned emphasis on legato, as opposed to picking, stemmed from a desire to make the sound between picked and legato notes indistinguishable.
Another of his most identifiable traits was the use of rich, fingerpicked chords (often awash with delay, chorus and other complex effects), which were articulated and sustained using volume swells to create sounds reminiscent of the horn and saxophone. He said that he preferred both of these instruments to the guitar, the latter of which was not his first choice of instrument upon receiving one from his father when beginning to play music. It was because of this unfamiliarity with the guitar, combined with attempting to make it sound more like a saxophone, that he originally began to use legato without realising that it was not a common method of playing at the time. Furthermore, he was influenced greatly by such saxophonists as John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderley, Michael Brecker and Charlie Parker, while some of his favourite guitarists were Django Reinhardt, Joe Pass, Wes Montgomery, Jimmy Raney, Charlie Christian and Hank Marvin.
Influence and reception
Holdsworth was highly influential among advanced guitarists, and was considered one of the most technically accomplished and most unusual players. According to Guitar World magazine, he is "as influential as Chuck Berry, Jimi Hendrix and Eddie Van Halen". Frank Zappa, Shawn Lane, Steve Vai, John Petrucci, Neal Schon, Gary Moore, and Van Halen have proclaimed Holdsworth one of the most advanced guitarists of his time. Zappa once lauded him as "one of the most interesting guys on guitar on the planet".
Robben Ford has said: "I think Allan Holdsworth is the John Coltrane of the guitar. I don't think anyone can do as much with the guitar as Allan Holdsworth can."
Other rock, metal and jazz guitarists who have cited Holdsworth as an influence include Joe Satriani, Greg Howe, Shawn Lane, Richie Kotzen, Alex Lifeson, Kurt Rosenwinkel, Yngwie Malmsteen, Michael Romeo, Ty Tabor, Fredrik Thordendal, John Frusciante, Tom Morello, Tosin Abasi, and Patrick Mameli.
Despite such accolades, Holdsworth remained "not well known outside musicians' circles", and was criticised, even by guitarists, for not being musical enough and being too technical for the average listener. Holdsworth himself understood that his music did not gel with the majority of people and said "I don't think everybody would like it, for sure. But if people got to hear it, if even 20% liked it, I would be really happy with that." He once approached a major record label and was told by its producer that his music was "completely directionless," and how he did not approve of anything Holdsworth had ever done since he started making his own albums. Guthrie Govan has said of guitarists who aspire to play like Holdsworth: "I think it's potentially dangerous when a rock type player hears a bit of Allan Holdsworth or Frank Gambale and then dives straight into that style of playing; not only is the technical aspect daunting, there's also all that musical knowledge and understanding going on behind the scenes, and it's really hard to absorb both of those aspects at once without your playing just starting to sound worse."
Following Holdsworth's death, The Pods & Sods Network released a three-part tribute podcast featuring many of his contemporaries, friends and fans sharing personal stories, memories and tributes. Participants included Satriani, Gambale, Tabor, Steve Lukather, Jeff Watson, Chad Wackerman, Jean-Luc Ponty, Vernon Reid, Jennifer Batten, Dweezil Zappa, and Mike Keneally.
Guitars
Holdsworth worked with many different guitar manufacturers as he developed his sound, which he felt he was never able to perfect throughout his career. From the late 1960s through to his time spent with Tony Williams in the mid-1970s, his main instrument was the Gibson SG. He then switched to playing custom Fender Stratocaster guitars that were modified with humbucker pickups.
During his time with Soft Machine in the 1970s, Holdsworth approached various luthiers in England to make him a fretless guitar. It is thought that Holdsworth's incentive behind this approach was to achieve a greater level of legato. Holdsworth instead achieved this with use of the vibrato bar, by artificially adjusting the pitch while changing notes to achieve the desired fretless legato sound. This is also a technique by which Holdsworth was inspired by saxophonists, with large scoops in and out of phrases causing a jointed and smooth saxophone-like sound, without the need of a fretless guitar. With this revelation it is thought he abandoned the idea of the fretless guitar.
In 1984, Holdsworth developed his first signature guitars with Ibanez, known as the AH-10 and AH-20. They are Strat-style bodies with single pickup. These instruments have a semi-hollow body made from basswood with a hollow cavity underneath the pickguard, and can be heard on Metal Fatigue and Atavachron. He also developed a signature guitar with Charvel, also a single pickup guitar, called the "Charvel Holdsworth Original" which he played in the 1980s. His long association with Steinberger guitars began in 1987: these are made from graphite and carbon fibre, and distinctively have no headstock. With designer Ned Steinberger, he developed the GL2TA-AH signature model. He started playing customised headless guitars made by luthier Bill DeLap in the 1990s, which included an extended-range baritone model with a 38-inch scale length. However, he later said that he only owned one of the latter instruments (with a 34-inch scale). He also developed a line of signature guitars with Carvin Guitars, including the semi-hollow H2 in 1996, the completely hollow HF2 Fatboy in 1999, and the headless HH1 and HH2 models in 2013.
On Atavachron, Holdsworth first recorded with the SynthAxe—a fretted, guitar-like MIDI controller with keys, string triggers, and an additional tube-like input device named 'Masters Touch' (designed by Nyle Steiner, inventor of the EWI) which dynamically alters volume and tone using breath velocity. Sound-wise, he used patches that were mainly Oberheim synthesizers. He used the SynthAxe on all solo releases from Atavachron onwards, but later said he no longer wanted it as such an integral part of his playing—especially live—mainly because of it being so rare (fewer than 100 units still exist), and difficult to maintain and repair as a result.
Amplifiers
Allan Holdsworth's experimentation with amplifiers started early: "My father's friend built me my first amplifier. I used to love going to his place and watch him solder and such. This got me started in my interest in electronics."
Over the years, Allan Holdsworth used numerous amps, such as the Vox AC30 and a 50-watt Marshall with two 4x12 speaker cabinets. He liked the Marshalls for single-note soloing, but not for chords because of the resulting distortion. He also experimented with a couple of Norlin Lab Series L5, which he found too clean. He also used and endorsed Pearce amps, which were designed by an engineer who worked on Gibson's Lab Series.
Other amps included Johnson amps, Mesa Boogie (Mark III, Boogie 295, Quad Preamp, or .50 Caliber) and a Carvin keyboard amp.
In his later career he transitioned to Hartley-Thompson amps, which in his opinion had a warm and clean sound. Guitarist Eddie Van Halen used Holdsworth's modified Hartley-Thompson amplifier to record his solo on the 1982 song "Beat It" by Michael Jackson.
Holdsworth could also be seen performing with Yamaha DG80 112 digital modelling amps that he used in pairs: one for his clean sound and the other had a 'crunch' preset with very little gain and a lot of master volume.
Holdsworth endorsed Hughes & Kettner amplifiers. He used the TriAmp MKII and the ZenTera together with a Yamaha DG130 Power amp. and Fender Twins.
Personal life
Holdsworth lived in California from the early 1980s. Cycling was one of his favourite pastimes. He was also a keen beer aficionado, with a particular fondness for Northern English cask ale. He experimented with brewing his own beer in the 1990s, and invented a specialised beer pump named The Fizzbuster, which, in his own words, creates "a beautiful creamy head."
Around 1986, Holdsworth struggled financially and occasionally sold equipment to make ends meet.
Holdsworth became a grandfather in December 2010, when his daughter Louise gave birth to a girl.
Holdsworth died on 15 April 2017 at his home in Vista, California, at the age of 70. Initially no cause of death was officially disclosed; news media later reported that he died of heart disease.
Solo albums
Studio
1976: Velvet Darkness
1982: I.O.U.
1983: Road Games (EP)
1985: Metal Fatigue
1986: Atavachron
1987: Sand
1989: Secrets
1992: Wardenclyffe Tower
1993: Hard Hat Area
1996: None Too Soon
2000: The Sixteen Men of Tain
2001: Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent Movie
2016: Tales from the Vault
Live
1997: I.O.U. Live
2002: Live at the Galaxy Theatre (DVD)
2002: All Night Wrong
2003: Then!
2018: Live in Japan 1984
2019: Warsaw Summer Jazz Days '98 (CD & DVD)
2020: Frankfurt '86 (CD & DVD)
2021: Leverkusen '97 (CD & DVD)
2021: Leverkusen 2010 (CD & DVD)
2022: Jarasum Jazz Festival 2014 (CD & DVD)
Collaborations
1980: Conversation Piece – Part 1 & 2, with Gordon Beck, Jeff Clyne and John Stevens
1990: Truth in Shredding, with Frank Gambale/The Mark Varney Project
1996: Heavy Machinery, with Jens Johansson and Anders Johansson
2008: Live at Yoshi's (DVD), with Alan Pasqua, and featuring Chad Wackerman and Jimmy Haslip (live concert video)
2009: Blues for Tony, with Alan Pasqua, and featuring Chad Wackerman and Jimmy Haslip (live double album)
2009: Propensity, with Danny Thompson and John Stevens (recorded 1978)
Compilations
2005: The Best of Allan Holdsworth: Against the Clock
2017: Eidolon: The Allan Holdsworth Collection
2017: The Man Who Changed Guitar Forever! The Allan Holdsworth Album Collection (box set)
With other artists
'Igginbottom
1969: 'Igginbottom's Wrench
Nucleus
1972: Belladonna (released as a solo album by Ian Carr)
Tempest
1973: Tempest
2005: Under the Blossom: The Anthology
Soft Machine
Studio:
1975: Bundles
1981: Land of Cockayne
2003: Abracadabra (as Soft Works)
Live:
2003: BBC Radio 1971–1974
2006: Floating World Live 1975
2015: Switzerland 1974 (CD, DVD)
2020: Abracadabra In Osaka (as Soft Works)
The New Tony Williams Lifetime
1975: Believe It
1976: Million Dollar Legs
Pierre Moerlen's Gong
1976: Gazeuse!
1978: Expresso II
1979: Time Is the Key
John Stevens
1977: Touching On
1977: Re-Touch
Jean-Luc Ponty
1977: Enigmatic Ocean
1983: Individual Choice
2007: The Atacama Experience
Bruford
1978: Feels Good to Me
1979: One of a Kind
1986: Master Strokes: 1978–1985 (compilation)
2006: Rock Goes to College (CD/DVD, live in 1979)
U.K.
1978: U.K.
1999: Concert Classics Volume 4 (live 1978; reissued variously as Live in America and Live in Boston)
2016: Ultimate Collector's Edition (box set)
Gordon Beck
1979: Sunbird
1980: The Things You See
1988: With a Heart in My Song
Jon St. James
1986: Fast Impressions (guest soloist on "Fast Impressions" & "Rainy Taxi")
Krokus
1986: Change of Address (guest soloist on "Long Way From Home")
Stanley Clarke
1988: If This Bass Could Only Talk (guest soloist on "Stories to Tell")
Stuart Hamm
1988: Radio Free Albemuth (SynthAxe solo on "Radio Free Albemuth")
Jack Bruce
1989: A Question of Time (guest soloist on "Obsession" & "Only Playing Games")
Alex Masi
1989: Attack of the Neon Shark (guest soloist on "Cold Sun")
Chad Wackerman
1991: Forty Reasons
1993: The View
2012: Dreams Nightmares and Improvisations
Level 42
1991: Guaranteed
2024: Live in London 1990, featuring Allan Holdsworth
Jeff Watson
1992: Lone Ranger (guest soloist on "Forest of Feeling")
Gorky Park
1996: Stare (guest soloist on "Don't Make Me Stay")
Steve Hunt
1997: From Your Heart and Your Soul
Steve Tavaglione
1997: Blue Tav
Derek Sherinian
2004: Mythology
K²
2005: Book of the Dead
Corrado Rustici
2006: Deconstruction of a Postmodern Musician (guest soloist on "Tantrum to Blind")
Planet X
2007: Quantum
Paul Korda
2009: Early Years (guest soloist on "Living in the Sky")
Videos
1992: REH Video: Allan Holdsworth (VHS, reissued on DVD in 2007)
Discography & profile
Normalised profile
Percentiles are computed over every artist in the database, so a tier-3 artist can still sit in the 95th percentile on a single axis.
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 30 | 90.4th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 41 | 92.9th |
| Studio albums | 16 | 95.1th |
| Awards recorded | 0 | 0th |
| Timeline events | 19 | 93.4th |
| Recording span (years) | 41 | 81.6th |
| Genres | 7 | 93th |
Percentiles are computed at render time; missing values mean the artist has no data on that axis.
Discography (41 release groups · 16 studio albums)
Albums · 16
1976 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 8 tracks · 29:55
A1Good Clean Filth5:20A2Floppy Hat2:46A3Wish4:20A4Kinder3:07B1Velvet Darkness4:42B2Karzie Key3:11B3Last May1:38B4Gattox4:511980 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 7 tracks · 39:35
A1Golden Lakes4:48A2Stop Fiddlin’2:56A3The Things You See (When You Haven’t Got Your Gun)4:32A4Diminished Responsability8:20B1She’s Lookin’, I’m Cookin’11:57B2At the Edge3:18B3Up Country3:44Conversation Piece - Part 1 & 2
1980 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 2 tracks · 40:49
AConversation Piece, Part 123:11BConversation Piece, Part 217:381982 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 8 tracks · 39:21
A1The Things You See5:50A2Where Is One5:32A3Checking Out3:34A4Letters of Marque6:57B1Out From Under3:32B2Temporary Fault3:15B3Shallow Sea5:51B4White Line4:501985 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 37:43
1Metal Fatigue4:562Home5:333Devil Take the Hindmost5:374Panic Station3:375The Un-Merry-Go-Round14:116In the Mystery3:491986 · studio album
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Tracklist · 7 tracks · 36:59
1Non-Brewed Condiment3:422Funnels6:153The Dominant Plague5:464Atavachron4:465Looking Glass4:376Mr. Berwell6:267All Our Yesterdays5:271987 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 35:13
1Sand5:262Distance vs. Desire5:173Pud Wud6:454Clown5:155The 4.15 Bradford Executive8:296Mac Man4:011988 · studio album
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Tracklist · 7 tracks · 40:44
1Equus7:14254, Duncan Terrace5:133Ain’t No Grief8:124With a Heart in My Song6:1759994:226Sundays3:567So, So, Calypso5:301989 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 37:25
1City Nights2:332Secrets4:22354 Duncan Terrace4:354Joshua5:595Spokes3:336Maid Marion7:177Peril Premonition4:468Endomorph4:201992 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 43:13
15 to 105:362Sphere of Innocence5:593Wardenclyffe Tower8:444Dodgy Boat5:375Zarabeth6:316Against the Clock4:587Questions4:078Oneiric Moor1:411993 · studio album
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Tracklist · 7 tracks · 41:24
1Prelude1:352Ruhkukah5:323Low Levels, High Stakes9:034Hard Hat Area6:035Tullio5:596House of Mirrors7:447Postlude5:281996 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:14:00
1Joint Ventures5:492Beef Cherokee4:023On the Frozen Lake4:524Mission: Possible5:155Good Morning, Mr. Coffee7:256Siouxp of the Day4:027On the Fritz5:248Tea for One and a Half6:229Never Mind Our Weather5:5410Macrowaves24:551996 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 51:05
1Countdown3:112Nuages5:423How Deep Is the Ocean5:294Isotope5:425None Too Soon, Part 1 / Interlude / None Too Soon, Part 27:446Norwegian Wood5:557Very Early7:428San Marcos3:259Inner Urge6:151997-06-06 Frankfurt Jazz Festival, Frankfurt, Germany
1997 · studio album
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Tracklist · 28 tracks · 2:31:25
1The Sixteen Men of Tain6:242The Drums Were Yellow5:553Eidolon4:354How Deep is the Ocean5:295Nuages5:416Ruhkukah5:327Low Levels, High Stakes9:038Tullio6:009Sphere of Innocence5:5910Dodgy Boat5:3611Against the Clock4:5712City Nights2:341354 Duncan Terrace4:3514Road Games (Jack Bruce)4:1415Peril Premonition4:4716Distance vs. Desire5:1817Pud Wud6:4318Non-Brewed Condiment3:4319Funnels6:1320Metal Fatigue4:4721Home5:3322Devil Take the Hindmost5:3823Tokyo Dream5:0424Water on the Brain Pt II2:4625Letters of Marque7:0026Temporary Fault3:1727The 4.15 Bradford Executive8:3028Curves5:321999 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 44:27
102747:412The Sixteen Men of Tain6:233Above and Below3:054The Drums Were Yellow5:555Texas5:416Downside Up7:037Eidolon4:338Above and Below (reprise)4:06Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent Movie
2001 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 47:33
1The Duplicate Man (intro)1:522The Duplicate Man4:423Eeny Meeny4:484Please Hold On4:015Snow Moon8:046Curves5:367So Long5:318Bo Peep3:479Don’t You Know?9:12
EP · 3
| Cover | Year | Title | Notes | First release |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Road GamesSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 6 tracks · 24:16A1Three Sheets to the Wind4:15 A2Road Games4:15 A3Water on the Brain, Part II2:50 B1Tokyo Dream4:04 B2Was There?4:10 B3Material Real4:42 | 1983 | ||
| 2009 | PropensitySearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 2 tracks · 26:271Jools Toon10:39 2It Could Have Been Mono15:48 | 2009 | ||
| 2020 | Live in London '81: The Ron Mathewson Tapes Vol. 2Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 4 tracks · 24:551Dream Sequence9:11 2And They Speak for Themselves4:20 3Kandeen Love Song2:50 4Here and There8:34 | Live | 22 March 2020 |
Album · 22
| Cover | Year | Title | Notes | First release |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | The Things You See / SunbirdSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 11 tracks · 1:00:331Golden Lakes4:45 2Stop Fiddlin’2:53 3The Things You See4:29 4Diminished Responsability8:14 5She’s Lookin’, I’m Cookin’11:54 6At the Edge3:15 7Up Country4:15 8The Gathering2:42 9Halfway House6:13 10Sunbird5:03 11Second Summer6:50 | Compilation | 1989 | |
| 1992 | Best Works CollectionSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 12 tracks · 1:02:511With a Heart in My Song6:18 2Diminished Responsability8:17 3Hazard Profile, Part 19:20 4Equus7:15 5At the Edge3:17 654 Duncan Terrace5:14 7The Gathering2:44 8The Things You See4:31 9Halfway House6:19 10Finally1:36 11Rocks7:03 12Gone Sailing0:57 | Compilation | 1992 | |
| 1995 | One City NightSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 11 tracks · 1:13:491Funnels6:24 2Looking Glass8:49 3Ruhkukah5:48 4Low Levels, High Stakes7:11 5Pud Wud8:13 6Shallow Sea4:03 7Devil Take the Hindmost8:10 8House of Mirrors5:23 9Water on the Brain Pt. 23:14 10The Things You See9:56 11Postlude6:38 | Live | 1995 | |
| 1997 | 1997-06-06: Frankfurt Jazz Festival, Frankfurt, GermanySearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 8 tracks · 50:201The Sixteen Men of Tain6:13 2Looking Glass5:45 3Letters of Marque9:40 4Above and Below5:43 5Water on the Brain5:04 6Improvisation / Material Real6:48 7Funnels5:51 8Texas5:16 | Live | 1997 | |
| 1997 | i.o.u. liveSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 9 tracks · 52:361Road Games4:18 2White Line7:53 3Panic Station3:31 4Letters of Marque5:18 5Material Real7:27 6Metal Fatigue4:46 7Where Is One7:32 8The Things You See6:20 9Was There (Something)5:31 | Live | 15 April 1997 | |
| 2002 | All Night WrongSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 8 tracks · 55:551Lanyard Loop5:46 2The Things You See6:53 3Alphrazallan7:04 4Funnels5:02 5Zone9:19 6Water on the Brain, Part 25:31 7Above & Below8:21 8Gas Lamp Blues7:59 | Live | 4 September 2002 | |
| 2004 | The Sixteen Men of Tain / SandSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 14 tracks · 44:27102747:41 2The Sixteen Men of Tain6:23 3Above and Below3:05 4The Drums Were Yellow5:55 5Texas5:41 6Downside Up7:03 7Eidolon4:33 8Above and Below (reprise)4:06 9Sand 10Distance vs. Desire 11Pud Wud 12Clown 13The 4.15 Bradford Executive 14Mac Man | Compilation | 2004 | |
| 2005 | Against the Clock: The Best of Allan HoldsworthSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 26 tracks · 2:12:45Disc 1 1Tokyo Dream (Japan version)5:05 2Sphere of Innocence5:58 3Rukukha5:33 4Low Levels, High Stakes9:03 5How Deep Is the Ocean5:29 6Nuages5:38 7Devil Take the Hindmost5:35 8Home5:27 9Peril Premonition4:43 10The Sixteen Men of Tain6:24 11Mr. Berwell6:10 12Looking Glass4:25 13Pud Wud6:41 Disc 21Spokes3:30 2Distance vs. Desire5:16 3Mac Man4:01 4Against the Clock4:55 5Eeny Meeny4:40 6Secrets4:21 7Bo Peep3:44 8Postlude5:32 9All Our Yesterdays5:25 10Eidolon4:32 11Sundays3:55 12Let’s Throw Shrimp3:28 13Shenandoah3:15 | Compilation | 21 April 2005 | |
| 2007 | REH Live StudioSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 7 tracks · 40:281Funnels5:45 2Proto Cosmos4:11 3Looking Glass7:31 4The Things You See8:19 5Tell Me5:21 6Zones7:30 7House Of Mirrors1:51 | Soundtrack | 2007 | |
| 2009 | Blues for TonySearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 11 tracks · 1:30:21Disc 1 1Blues for Tony11:12 2The Fifth8:58 3It Must Be Jazz8:38 4Fred9:56 5Guitar Intro3:35 6Pud Wud9:58 Disc 21Looking Glass10:07 2To Jaki, George and Thad4:51 3San Michele11:31 4Proto-Cosmos5:46 5Red Alert5:49 | Live | 12 October 2009 | |
| 2016 | Tales From the VaultSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 11 tracks · 41:421Abingdon Chasp5:12 2Material Real (outtake)3:56 3Material Real Pinske (mix mastered)4:45 4New Dawn6:21 5Poochini1:39 6Road Games (outtake)2:07 7Three Sheets Pinski (mix mastered)4:11 8Tokyo Dream Pinski (mix mastered)4:08 9Was There? (outtake)4:08 10Water on the Brain (outtake)3:09 11Water on the Brain Paul Williams2:06 | Compilation | 28 July 2016 | |
| 2017 | The Man Who Changed Guitar Forever! The Allan Holdsworth Album CollectionSearch SpotifySearch YouTube Music | Compilation | 7 April 2017 | |
| 2017 | Eidolon: The Allan Holdsworth CollectionSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 28 tracks · 2:31:44Disc 1 1The Sixteen Men of Tain6:25 2The Drums Were Yellow5:56 3Eidolon4:35 4How Deep Is the Ocean5:29 5Nuages5:41 6Ruhkukah5:34 7Low Levels, High Stakes9:03 8Tullio6:01 9Sphere of Innocence5:59 10Dodgy Boat5:37 11Against the Clock4:58 12City Nights2:35 1354 Duncan Terrace4:34 14Road Games (alternative Jack Bruce vocal version)4:12 Disc 21Peril Premonition4:45 2Distance vs. Desire5:18 3Pud Wud6:44 4Non‐Brewed Condiment3:43 5Funnels6:15 6Metal Fatigue4:57 7Home5:33 8Devil Take the Hindmost5:38 9Tokyo Dream5:04 10Water on the Brain - Pt. II2:47 11Letters of Marque7:01 12Temporary Fault3:19 13The 4.15 Bradford Executive8:29 14Curves5:32 | Compilation | 7 April 2017 | |
| 2017 | Live at the Village GateSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 6 tracks · 30:221Intro by Les Davis0:20 2Mr. Spock7:38 3Proto-Cosmos5:59 4Fred6:46 5Wildlife6:16 6Red Alert3:23 | Live | 25 August 2017 | |
| 2019 | Warsaw Summer Jazz Days '98Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 23 tracks · 1:05:09Disc 1 1The Sixteen Men of Tain6:42 2Looking Glass5:32 3Above and Below6:27 4Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:36 5Material Unreal9:07 602748:13 7Letters of Marque11:58 8Texas7:36 9Proto-Cosmos3:58 Disc 21Looking Glass 2Water on the Brain - Pt. II 3Improvisation 4Material Unreal 50274 6Letters of Marque 7Texas 8Proto-Cosmos 9The Sixteen Men of Tain 10Looking Glass 11Improvisation 12Above and Below 13Texas 14Proto-Cosmos | Live | 14 June 2019 | |
| 2020 | The Unique ConcertSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 6 tracks · 1:08:171Flight20:54 2Zebulon dance4:19 3Fast travel11:14 4Halfway house10:28 5Sunbird14:55 6Interview d'Aldo Romano6:27 | Live | 2020 | |
| 2020 | Warleigh Manor: The Ron Mathewson Tapes Vol. 1Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 4 tracks · 53:001Warleigh Manor Part 120:59 2Warleigh Manor Part 217:40 3Outtakes & Studio Chatter7:54 4Do It in Two (Producer's cut)6:27 | Live | 25 March 2020 | |
| 2020 | Frankfurt ’86Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 19 tracks · 1:10:18Disc 1 1Three Sheets to the Wind6:24 2Letters of Marque15:05 3Tokyo Dream8:54 4Looking Glass7:29 5Atavachron4:51 6Non-Brewed Condiment5:37 7White Line7:58 8Shallow Sea6:24 9Devil Take the Hindmost7:36 Disc 21Intro 2Three Sheets to the Wind 3Letters of Marque 4Tokyo Dream 5Looking Glass 6Atavachron 7Non-Brewed Condiment 8White Line 9Shallow Sea 10Devil Take the Hindmost | Live | 29 May 2020 | |
| 2021 | Leverkusen 2010Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 20 tracks · 2:02:54Disc 1 1Leave Them On7:23 2Fred6:02 3Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:34 4Madame Vintage4:23 5Above and Below8:12 6The Things You See (When You Haven’t Got Your Gun)2:54 7Material Real2:47 8The Fifth9:08 9Letters of Marque11:49 10Proto‐Cosmos3:15 Disc 21Leave Them On7:23 2Fred6:02 3Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:34 4Madame Vintage4:23 5Above and Below8:12 6The Things You See (When You Haven’t Got Your Gun)2:54 7Material Real2:47 8The Fifth9:08 9Letters of Marque11:49 10Proto‐Cosmos3:15 | Live | 2021 | |
| 2021 | Leverkusen '97Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 23 tracks · 1:04:56Disc 1 1The Sixteen Men of Tain7:53 2Looking Glass6:23 3Above and Below5:41 4Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:36 5Zone4:42 6Material Real2:14 7Letters of Marque11:07 802747:40 9Texas5:41 10House of Mirrors4:48 11Proto-Cosmos3:11 Disc 21The Sixteen Men of Tain 2Looking Glass 3Above and Below 4Water on the Brain 5Zone 6Material Real 7Letters of Marque 80274 9Texas 10House of Mirrors 11Proto-Cosmos 12Chad Wackerman Interview | Live | 12 March 2021 | |
| 2022 | Jarasum International Jazz Festival 2014Search SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 21 tracks · 1:03:13Disc 1 1Texas6:24 2Fred6:02 3Water on the Brain - Pt. II5:45 4Devil Take the Hindmost7:20 5Gas Lamp Blues10:27 6Above and Below3:37 7Leave Them On7:04 8Letters of Marque11:09 9Red Alert3:24 10The Un-Merry-Go-Round Part 52:01 Disc 21Texas 2Fred 3Water on the Brain - Pt. II 4Devil Take the Hindmost 5Gas Lamp Blues 6Above and Below 7Leave Them On 8Letters of Marque 9Red Alert 10The Un-Merry-Go-Round Part 5 11Interview With Jimmy Haslip | Live | 6 May 2022 | |
| 2022 | Proto-CosmosSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 9 tracks · 1:02:451Protocosmos5:14 2Blues for Tony9:26 3Looking Glass7:25 4[Solo Guitar]2:06 5Pud Wud9:28 6[Piano Solo]3:18 7San Michele10:12 8It Must Be Jazz9:53 9Red Alert5:43 | Live | 14 October 2022 |
Stats & PK
Percentile within all 23,672 published artists.Put Allan Holdsworth head-to-head →
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 30 | 90.4th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 41 | 92.9th |
| Studio albums | 16 | 95.1th |
| Awards recorded | 0 | 0th |
| Timeline events | 19 | 93.4th |
| Recording span (years) | 41 | 81.6th |
| Genres | 7 | 93th |
Awards & honours
Line-up
| Name | From | To | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Holdsworth Pasqua Haslip Wackerman(band) | — | present | eponymous,original |
| Gongzilla(band) | — | present | |
| Gong(band) | — | present | |
| Tempest(band) | — | present | |
| 'Igginbottom(band) | — | present | |
| Allan Holdsworth Group(band) | — | present | eponymous,guitar,original |
| Allan Holdsworth Quartet(band) | — | present | eponymous,guitar,original |
| K²(band) | — | present | |
| HoBoLeMa(band) | — | present | |
| Gong(band) | — | present | |
| Soft Machine(band) | December 1973 | April 1975 | |
| The New Tony Williams Lifetime(band) | 1975 | 1976 | guitar,original |
| UK(band) | 1977 | November 1978 | |
| Bruford(band) | 1977 | 1979 | original |
| Soft Works(band) | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Planet X(band) | 2005 | present |
Where this record comes from
portrait—Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AH-1975-s.jpgaliases/urls—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a6396e33-9298-493e-9409-f0e1366b326bdiscography—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a6396e33-9298-493e-9409-f0e1366b326bcore—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285254genre—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285254seed-list—wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Holdsworthbiography—wikipedia-en · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Holdsworth
Why this artist is in the database
- List of progressive rock artists
Tier rule: historic figure (30 language versions, career ended)
Image: The original uploader was Gm7b52001 at English Wikipedia . · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Wikidata: Q285254 · MusicBrainz: a6396e33-9298-493e-9409-f0e1366b326b
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