
Photo: Critical Miami from Miami Beach · CC BY-SA 2.0 · credits
Christian Wolff
Person · male · United States · Nice · born 1934 · recording since 1972
American composer and classicist (born 1934)
streamingticketsdatabasedatabasedatabase
Listen on SpotifyYouTube Music
Also known as 克利斯提安·沃爾夫
Timeline
1930s
1970s
· Debut release
Debut release: For Piano I / For Pianist / Burdocks
First documented Album in the MusicBrainz discography.
source: musicbrainz
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Biography
Biography
Christian G. Wolff (born March 8, 1934) is an American composer of experimental classical music and classicist.
Biography
Wolff was born in Nice, France, to the German literary publishers Helen and Kurt Wolff, who had published works by Franz Kafka, Robert Musil, and Walter Benjamin. After relocating to the U.S. in 1941, they helped to found Pantheon Books with other European intellectuals who had fled Europe during the rise of fascism. The Wolffs published a series of notable English translations of European literature, mostly, as well as an edition of the I Ching that came to greatly impress John Cage after Wolff had given him a copy.
Wolff became an American citizen in 1946. When he was sixteen (in 1950) his piano teacher Grete Sultan sent him for lessons in composition to the new music composer John Cage. Wolff soon became a close associate of Cage and his artistic circle which was part of the New York School and included the fellow composers Earle Brown and Morton Feldman, the pianist David Tudor, and the dancer and choreographer Merce Cunningham. Cage relates several anecdotes about Wolff in his one-minute Indeterminacy pieces.
Almost completely self-taught as composer, Wolff studied music under Sultan and Cage. Later Wolff studied classics at Harvard University (BA, PhD) and became an expert on Euripides. Wolff taught Classics at Harvard until 1970; thereafter he taught classics, comparative literature, and music at Dartmouth College. After nine years, he became Strauss Professor of Music there. He retired from teaching at Dartmouth in 1999. In 2004, he received an honorary degree from the California Institute of the Arts. He was also awarded the Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1996).
Wolff is married and has four children.
Music
Wolff's early compositional work included a lot of silence and was based initially on complicated rhythmic schema, and later on a system of aural cues. He innovated unique notational methods in his early scores and found creative ways of dealing with improvisation in his music. During the 1960s he developed associations with the composers Frederic Rzewski and Cornelius Cardew who spurred each other on in their respective explorations of experimental composition techniques and musical improvisation, and then, from the early 1970s, in their attempts to engage with political matters in their music. For Wolff this often involved the use of music and texts associated with protest and political movements such as the Wobblies. His later pieces, such as the sequence of pieces Exercises (1973-), offer some freedom to the performers. Some works, such as Changing the System (1973), Braverman Music (1978, after Harry Braverman), and the series of pieces Peace March (1983–2005) have an explicit political dimension, in that they respond to contemporary world events and express political ideals.
Wolff collaborated with Merce Cunningham for many years and developed a style which is more common now, but was revolutionary when they began working together in the 1950s – a style where music and dance occur simultaneously, yet somewhat independently of one another. Wolff stated, of any influence or affect, the greatest influence on his music over the years was the choreography of Cunningham. Wolff recently said of his work that it is motivated by his desire "to turn the making of music into a collaborative and transforming activity (performer into composer into listener into composer into performer, etc.), the cooperative character of the activity to the exact source of the music. To stir up, through the production of the music, a sense of social conditions in which we live and of how these might be changed."
Wolff's music reached a new audience when Sonic Youth's SYR4: Goodbye, 20th Century featured works by avant-garde classical composers such as John Cage, Yoko Ono, Steve Reich, and Christian Wolff played by Sonic Youth along with several collaborators from the modern avant-garde music scene, such as Christian Marclay, William Winant, Wharton Tiers, Takehisa Kosugi and others, as well as Wolff himself.
Major works
Duo for Violins (1950)
For Prepared Piano (1951)
Duo for Pianists I (1957)
For Piano With Preparations (1957)
For Pianist (1959)
Summer (for string quartet) (1961)
For 1, 2, or 3 People (1964)
Edges (1968)
Pairs (1968)
Prose Collection (1968–71)
Tilbury 1, 2, and 3 (for piano) (1969)
Snowdrop (for trombone, violin, and piano) (1970)
Burdocks (1970–71)
Exercises (1973- )
Wobbly Music (1975–76)
I Like to Think of Harriet Tubman (1985)
Piano Trio (Greenham-Seneca-Camiso) (1985)
Piano Miscellany (1988)
Percussionist Songs (1994–95)
Spring (for chamber orchestra) (1995)
Berlin Exercises (2000)
Ordinary Matter (2001–04)
John Heartfield (Peace March 10) (2002)
Long Piano (Peace March 11) (2004–05)
Microexercises (2006)
Winter Exercise (2013)
Trio IX – Accanto (2017)
Resistance (2017)
Mountain Messengers (2020)
Discography & profile
Normalised profile
Percentiles are computed over every artist in the database, so a tier-3 artist can still sit in the 95th percentile on a single axis.
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 17 | 76.4th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 30 | 90.4th |
| Studio albums | 26 | 97.7th |
| Awards recorded | 1 | 89th |
| Timeline events | 29 | 96.6th |
| Recording span (years) | 53 | 93.4th |
| Genres | 2 | 74th |
Percentiles are computed at render time; missing values mean the artist has no data on that axis.
Discography (30 release groups · 26 studio albums)
Albums · 26
For Piano I / For Pianist / Burdocks
1972 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 3 tracks · 46:03
A1For Piano I7:56A2For Pianist14:32BBurdocks23:35CDCM Computer Music Series Volume 6
1990 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 12 tracks · 1:07:09
1Brush Canyon12:502Devices and Desires2:343Still Life in Wood and Metal9:174Degitaru Ongaku14:375Mayday Materials: Part 117:586Mayday Materials: Part 27Mayday Materials: Part 38Mayday Materials: Part 4-69Mayday Materials: Part 710Mayday Materials: Part 811Mayday Materials: Part 912Still Life Dancing9:531995 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 10 tracks · 55:26
1Exercise 17:072Exercise 75:103Exercise 87:594Exercise 128:485Exercise 42:166Exercise 65:367Exercise 35:068Exercise 157:039Exercise 163:1710Exercise 183:04Bread and Roses: Piano Works 1976-1983
1995 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 15 tracks · 1:00:05
1Prelude 12:322Prelude 22:093Prelude 32:384Prelude 41:205Prelude 52:066Prelude 61:427Prelude 71:598Prelude 84:059Prelude 91:3610Prelude 104:2011Prelude 113:0112Bread and Roses0:4913Bread and Roses8:5014Piano Song (I Am a Dangerous Woman)10:0115Hay una mujer desaparecida12:571995 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 4 tracks · 1:16:20
1Ruth25:002Snowdrop18:323Peggy12:244Edges20:24Beats. Melody. Sounds. Melody?
1996 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 6 tracks · 1:18:48
1In Memoriam Jon Higgins19:522Dark as a Dungeon7:283Exercise 177:114Six Melodies Variation4:585Aus Atem22:226Mit Schweigen wird's gesprochen16:571996 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 1 track · 1:04:14
1Stones1:04:14I Like to Think of Harriet Tubman
1998 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 12 tracks · 1:12:15
1Piano Trio: I. Greenham4:482Piano Trio: II. Seneca1:423Piano Trio: III. Camiso3:384I Like to Think of Harriet Tubman6:115Duo for Violinist & Pianist4:466Eisler Ensemble: No. 1, For Cornelius6:167Eisler Ensemble: No. 2, Dig a Hole in the Meadow6:018Sérénade5:319Piano Song (I Am a Dangerous Woman)8:5610For Morty5:3611Stardust Pieces: I. —9:5612Stardust Pieces: II. —8:541999 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 6 tracks · 52:30
1Tilbury 110:082Tilbury 24:143Tilbury 35:334Tilbury 47:405Snowdrop14:476Tilbury 510:082001 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 6 tracks · 55:30
1Burdocks23:292Tuba Song11:513Trio III: I11:304Trio III: II1:565Trio III: III4:436Trio III: IV2:01Look She Said (Complete Works for Bass)
2002 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 16 tracks · 1:06:53
1Look She Said: I2:092Look She Said: II2:033Look She Said: III4:374Look She Said: IV3:295Look She Said: V1:446Jasper: I5:197Jasper: II2:098Jasper: III6:589Jasper: IV1:5410String Bass Exercise Out of "Bandiera rossa": I8:3611String Bass Exercise Out of "Bandiera rossa": II7:2512String Bass Exercise Out of "Bandiera rossa": III4:1313Dark as a Dungeon7:5714Untitled: I3:1115Untitled: II3:3716Untitled: III1:322002 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 17 tracks · 1:32:39
Disc 11For Prepared Piano i (1951)1:542For Prepared Piano ii (1951)1:513For Prepared Piano iii (1951)1:374For Prepared Piano iv (1951)2:005For Piano I (1952)7:166For Piano II (1953)10:407Suite {I} (1954) i3:198Suite {I} (1954) ii1:549Suite {I} (1954) iii2:2310For Piano with Preparations (1957) i3:4311For Piano with Preparations (1957) ii1:3212For Piano with Preparations (1957) iii4:0413For Pianist (1959)12:15Disc 21Duo for Pianists I (1957)4:112Duo for Pianists II (1958)11:063Duet I {for piano 4 hands} (1960)7:234Trio II {for piano 4 hands & percussion} (1961)15:31Complete Music for Violin & Piano
2003 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 3 tracks · 59:15
1Pebbles35:562Duo for Violinist and Pianist (version one)17:243Duo for Violinist and Pianist (version two)5:552003 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 13 tracks · 1:15:21
1For 1, 2 or 3 People: I. (Violin and Percussion)5:362For 1, 2 or 3 People: II. (Voice and Hurdy-Gurdy)4:033For 1, 2 or 3 People: III. (Violin and Percussion)3:194Exercise 27 (Snare Drum Peace March 2)5:585For 1, 2 or 3 People: IV. (Violine Solo)5:496For 1, 2 or 3 People: V. (Violin and Hurdy-Gurdy)3:537For 1, 2 or 3 People: VI. (Percussion Solo)4:368For 1, 2 or 3 People: VII. (Voice and Body-Duo)2:419Bread and Roses11:2510For 1, 2 or 3 People: VIII. (Violin and Percussion)4:4111For 1, 2 or 3 People: IX. (Violin and Percussion)4:4412For 1, 2 or 3 People: X. (Violin and Percussion)3:3213Edges15:042004 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 1 track · 1:10:53
1Exercise 151:10:53(Re):Making Music, Works 1962-99
2004 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 40 tracks · 2:33:09
Disc 11Violist Pieces: No. 1, —4:162Violist Pieces: No. 2, —2:033Violist Pieces: No. 3, —3:214Violist Pieces: No. 4, Resonant1:065Violist Pieces: No. 5, Clear0:596Violist Pieces: No. 6, Freely2:267Kegama4:168Peace March 1, "Stop Using Uranium" - Peace March 1 "Stop Using Uranium"4:589Peace March 27:2910Emma: I. —0:2511Emma: II. —0:5012Emma: III. —1:2513Emma: IV. —1:0014Emma: V. —2:3215Emma: VI. —0:4716Emma: VII. —0:4317Emma: VIII. —1:0518Emma: IX. —0:4719Emma: X. —5:5420Emma: XI. —1:5421Digger Song10:4622From Leaning Forward: No. 1, A Woman Invented Fire1:5023From Leaning Forward: No. 2, Drowning II1:0624From Leaning Forward: No. 3, The Women Let the Tide Go Out0:5725From Leaning Forward: No. 4, Note to the Grandparents0:5926From Leaning Forward: No. 5, Mulberry Street Ends in Good Works2:0227From Leaning Forward: No. 6, The Sad Children's Song1:2628From Leaning Forward: No. 7, This Is About the Women of That Country3:5029From Leaning Forward: No. 8, That Year2:17Disc 213 Pieces: No. 1, Rock About5:1723 Pieces: No. 2, Instrumental3:1433 Pieces: No. 3, Starving to Death on a Government Claim5:104For 5 or 10 Players (Version for 5 Players)5:275Exercises 15–18: No. 15,5:006Exercises 15–18: No. 16,3:357Exercises 15–18: No. 17,6:478Exercises 15–18: No. 18,6:599For 5 or 10 Players (Version for 10 Players)12:2610Dark as a Dungeon (Version for Clarinet)7:2711Schoenen met Veters18:182006 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 12 tracks · 1:09:59
1Exercise 187:332Exercise 75:293Exercise 164:374Exercise 84:015Exercise 14b6:496Exercise 33:047Exercise 12:298Exercise 158:009Exercise 103:4510Exercise 117:2711Exercise 1810:5212Exercise 105:532007 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 15 tracks · 1:13:28
1Tracer13:242Folio: October 19520:513Folio: November 19522:104Folio: December 19522:035Folio: March 1952 MM = 870:486Folio: March 1952 MM = 1350:277Folio: March 19531:538Folio: "Trio For Five Dancers" June 19532:449Special Events18:3410Octet I3:2911Music for Violin, Cello & Piano3:0412Four Systems4:0013String Quartet11:3814New Piece6:2415For Neil1:592008 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 16 tracks · 1:11:51
1For Piano I (1952)10:202For Prepared Piano (1951): I.2:163For Prepared Piano (1951): II.1:414For Prepared Piano (1951): III.1:525For Prepared Piano (1951): IV.1:516For Piano II (1953): I.5:167For Piano II (1953): II.1:288For Piano II (1953): III.7:079For Piano II (1953): IV.3:1010For Piano With Preparations (1957): I.5:1011For Piano With Preparations (1957): II.2:1512For Piano With Preparations (1957): III.5:3413For Pianist (1959)12:3614Suite (I) (1954): I.4:5715Suite (I) (1954): II.2:4816Suite (I) (1954): III.3:302012 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 1 track · 47:14
1Live at AMPLIFY 201147:142012 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 1 track · 47:14
1Untitled47:142016 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 8 tracks · 1:01:31
1Line3:412Biyar ‘Adas10:543Saqiya6:454Tilbury 23:425Jarisha12:286Tilbury 45:147al-Safirriya11:348Line With Accompaniment7:132018 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 1 track · 1:09:36
1Where Are We Going, Today1:09:362018 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 19 tracks · 3:00:06
1Stones4:032Stones3:153“STONES”3:264(Rolling) Stones7:445Stones ~508:366Stones/Wolff – Stones plus électronique.23:017Stones 13:168STONES (Et sur cette pierre…)6:319Stones 21:3210Stones5:4411Stones 32:4512Stones8:3013Stones 42:2814Stones (ver4)14:0715Stones Brunehaut14:4116Batu talempong2:1117Stones (abri)19:2718Stones13:1119Stones (dissolution)35:38A Complete Anthology of Solo and Duo Violin Pieces
2022 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 23 tracks · 57:46
1Bread and Roses8:352Six Melodies3:323Death of Mother Jones13:554Duo for Violins6:075Short Suite2:166Four Small Duos2:017For Petr6:128Small Duos for Violinists 11:279Small Duos for Violinists 20:5610Small Duos for Violinists 30:1211Small Duos for Violinists 40:4512Small Duos for Violinists 50:4613Small Duos for Violinists 60:5114Small Duos for Violinists 70:2815Small Duos for Violinists 80:5716Small Duos for Violinists 91:2317Small Duos for Violinists 100:3018Small Duos for Violinists 111:0419Small Duos for Violinists 121:0220Small Duos for Violinists 130:3221Small Duos for Violinists 141:5522Small Duos for Violinists 150:4223Small Duos for Violinists 161:38Preludes, Variations, Studies and Incidental Music
2025 · studio album
Search SpotifySearch YouTube Music
Tracklist · 23 tracks · 2:35:56
1En Plus (Satie) Variation5:062Another (Satie) Variation4:443Yet Another (Satie) Variation1:514Variations (Extracts) On the Carmans Whistle Variations of Byrd7:285Eight Days a Week Variation5:566Tilbury I12:277Tilbury II3:378Tilbury III5:159Preludes 13:3510Preludes 22:0811Preludes 32:2312Preludes 41:2713Preludes 54:0514Preludes 61:4215Preludes 72:0516Preludes 84:3017Preludes 91:3518Preludes 104:3719Preludes 113:2720Studies 11:4921Studies 22:2022Studies 32:5623Incidental Music1:10:53
Album · 3
| Cover | Year | Title | Notes | First release |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | EventSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 1 track · 50:331Event50:33 | Live | 1 October 2005 | |
| 2019 | Music for Bass ClarinetsSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 6 tracks1Isn’t This a Time 2Nuclear Aura 3Γνώμων/Gnomon 4gryet.debris 5Simulacre IV 6Entwined Equinox | Live | 24 September 2019 | |
| 2019 | 20 Years of Experimental MusicSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 25 tracks · 10:02:27Disc 1 1AMM / Formanex Play Treatise42:55 2AMM / Formanex Play Treatise (p. 46-47)28:43 Disc 21Two Pianos19:56 2Edges19:59 3Trio Rowe / Wolff / Tilbury16:50 Disc 31For 1, 2, 3 People16:47 2Looking North10:23 3Edges23:03 4Trio Rowe / Wolff / Tilbury16:39 Disc 41Disseminate22:20 2To Two Tea Roses23:16 Disc 51Hang Ups53:34 Disc 61Untitled 130:01 2Untitled 210:34 3Untitled 317:48 Disc 71Three Lines to Achieve Almost Nothing45:30 Disc 81S/T1:06 2Soulevement8:40 3Le langage du thé21:49 4Chercher le 2eme oeil19:41 Disc 91Szkic19:07 2Demonology #1154:05 Disc 101Fragile Being, Hopeful Becoming30:30 2For Formanex19:16 3Shoguu29:55 | Compilation | 12 October 2019 |
Other · 1
| Cover | Year | Title | Notes | First release |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Looking AroundSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 2 tracks · 56:201Looking East28:10 2Looking West28:10 | 29 February 2016 |
Stats & PK
Percentile within all 23,672 published artists.Put Christian Wolff head-to-head →
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 17 | 76.4th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 30 | 90.4th |
| Studio albums | 26 | 97.7th |
| Awards recorded | 1 | 89th |
| Timeline events | 29 | 96.6th |
| Recording span (years) | 53 | 93.4th |
| Genres | 2 | 74th |
Awards & honours
| Year | Award | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | Arts and Letters Award in Music | won |
Where this record comes from
portrait—Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 2.0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christian_Wolff_prepared_piano_performance_2007_Feb.jpgaliases/urls—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a952c1da-d7b4-44f9-97c8-27c5f5e5af59discography—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a952c1da-d7b4-44f9-97c8-27c5f5e5af59core—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658733genre—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658733seed-list—wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_%28composer%29biography—wikipedia-en · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_%28composer%29
Why this artist is in the database
- List of composers by name
Tier rule: curated genre/region list
Image: Critical Miami from Miami Beach · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Wikidata: Q658733 · MusicBrainz: a952c1da-d7b4-44f9-97c8-27c5f5e5af59
Similar artists
Browse every Tier 3 artist →Ranked from this record's own data: shared genre tags (rarer tags weigh more), era, home country and comparable fame. Every card lists the signals that placed it — no editorial picks.

Glenn Branca
United States · Person
20th-century classical music · experimental music
2 shared genre tags · from United States
27 wikis

Karlheinz Stockhausen
Germany · Person
20th-century classical music · experimental music
2 shared genre tags
63 wikis

John Cage
United States · Person
20th-century classical music · experimental music
2 shared genre tags · from United States
76 wikis

Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky
Russian Empire · Person
20th-century classical music
1 shared genre tag
51 wikis
Bart Berman
Kingdom of the Netherlands · Person
20th-century classical music
1 shared genre tag
16 wikis
David Tudor
United States · Person
experimental music
1 shared genre tag · debut 1970, 2 years apart · from United States
16 wikis

Morton Feldman
United States · Person
experimental music
1 shared genre tag · debut 1971, 1 year apart · from United States
35 wikis

John Tesh
United States · Person
20th-century classical music
1 shared genre tag · from United States
12 wikis