Desmond Dekker

Biography

Desmond Dekker (born Desmond Adolphus Dacres; 16 July 1941 – 25 May 2006) was a Jamaican singer/songwriter and musician considered a pioneer in the ska, rocksteady and reggae genres. Together with his backing group the Aces (consisting of Wilson James and Easton Barrington Howard), he had one of the earliest international reggae hits with "Israelites×Israelites1990 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Israelites2:382No Place Like Home3:243Everybody Join Hands4:044Money & Friends2:515Beware3:126Busted Lad3:247Mother Nature3:398It Mek2:259My World Is Blue3:1710Sing A Little Song3:06" (1968). Other hits include "007 (Shanty Town)" (1967), "It Mek" (1969) and "You Can Get It If You Really Want×You Can Get It If You Really Want1970 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracksA1You Can Get It If You Really Want2:43A2I BelieveA3PerseveranceA4Get Up Little SuzieA5Piece on the LandA6CindyB1Pickney GalB2You Got SoulB3CoomyahB4That's the Way Life GoesB5Peace of MindB6Polka Dot" (1970).

Early life

Desmond Adolphus Dacres was born in Saint Andrew Parish (Greater Kingston), Jamaica, on 16 July 1941. Dekker spent his formative years in Kingston. From a young age he regularly attended the local church with his grandmother and aunt. This early religious upbringing, as well as Dekker's enjoyment of singing hymns, led to a lifelong religious commitment. Following his mother's death, he moved to the parish of St. Mary and later to St. Thomas. While at St. Thomas, Dekker embarked on an apprenticeship as a tailor before returning to Kingston, where he became a welder. His workplace singing had drawn the attention of his co-workers, who encouraged him to pursue a career in music.
In 1961 he auditioned for Coxsone Dodd (Studio One) and Duke Reid (Treasure Isle), though neither audition was successful. The unsigned vocalist then auditioned for Leslie Kong's Beverley's record label and was awarded his first recording contract.

Career

Despite achieving a record deal, it was two years before Dekker saw his first record released. Meanwhile, Dekker spotted the talent of Bob Marley, a fellow welder, and brought the youth to Kong's attention. In 1962 "Judge Not" and "One Cup Of Coffee" became the first recorded efforts of Marley, who retained gratitude, respect and admiration for Dekker for the rest of his life. Eventually in 1963 Kong chose "Honour Your Mother and Father" (written by Dekker and the song that Dekker had sung in his Kong audition two years earlier), which became a Jamaican hit and established Dekker's musical career. and "Labour for Learning". It was during this period that Desmond Dacres adopted the stage-name of Desmond Dekker. His fourth hit, "King of Ska×King of Ska2000 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 13 tracks1Sammy Dead2:482Fat Man2:413Easy Snappin’2:324Carry Go Bring Come2:525Humpty Dumpty2:366King of Ska2:517Take It Easy2:378Wings of a Dove2:379King of Kings2:5810Jamaica Ska2:2211007 (Shanty Town)2:4112Israelites2:4813Rudie Got Soul2:20" (backing vocals by The Cherrypies, also known as the Maytals), made him into one of the island's biggest stars. Dekker then recruited four brothers, Carl, Patrick, Clive and Barry Howard, as his permanent backing vocalists to perform with him under the name Desmond Dekker and the Aces.
The new group recorded a number of Jamaican hits, including "Parents", "Get Up Edina", "This Woman" and "Mount Zion". The themes of Dekker's songs during the first four years of his career dealt with the moral, cultural and social issues of mainstream Jamaican culture: respect for one's parents ("Honour Your Mother and Father"), religious morality ("Sinners, Prepare") and education ("Labour for Learning"). In 1967 he appeared on Derrick Morgan's "Tougher Than Tough", which helped begin a trend of popular songs commenting on the rude boy subculture which was rooted in Jamaican ghetto life where opportunities for advancement were limited and life was economically difficult. Dekker's own songs did not go to the extremes of many other popular rude boy songs, which reflected the violence and social problems associated with ghetto life, though he did introduce lyrics that resonated with the rude boys, starting with one of his best-known songs, "007 (Shanty Town)". The song established Dekker as a rude boy icon in Jamaica and also became a favourite dance track for the young working-class men and women of the United Kingdom's mod scene. "007 (Shanty Town)" was a top 15 hit in the UK and his UK concerts were attended by a large following of mods wherever he played.
Dekker continued to release rude boy songs such as "Rude Boy Train" and "Rudie Got Soul", as well as mainstream cultural songs like "It's a Shame", "Wise Man", "Hey Grandma", "Unity", "If It Pays", "Mother's Young Girl", "Sabotage" and "Pretty Africa". Many of the hits from this era came from his debut album, 007 (Shanty Town).
In 1968 Dekker's "Israelites×Israelites1990 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Israelites2:382No Place Like Home3:243Everybody Join Hands4:044Money & Friends2:515Beware3:126Busted Lad3:247Mother Nature3:398It Mek2:259My World Is Blue3:1710Sing A Little Song3:06" was released, eventually topping the UK Singles Chart in April 1969 and peaking in the top ten of the US Billboard Hot 100 in June 1969. Dekker was the first Jamaican artist to have a hit record in the US with Jamaican-style music, other than Millie Small, who had a hit with Jamaican style music in 1964. Ironically although he went to worldwide fame his former welding colleague Marley never had a UK number one. That same year saw the release of "Beautiful and Dangerous", "Writing on the Wall", "Music Like Dirt (Intensified '68)" (which won the 1968 Jamaica Independence Festival Song Contest), "Bongo Girl" and "Shing a Ling". 1969 saw the release of "It Mek", which became a hit both in Jamaica and the UK. Dekker also released "Problems" and "Pickney Gal", both of which were popular in Jamaica, although only "Pickney Gal" managed to chart in the UK top 50.

1970s

In 1970 Dekker released "You Can Get It If You Really Want×You Can Get It If You Really Want1970 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracksA1You Can Get It If You Really Want2:43A2I BelieveA3PerseveranceA4Get Up Little SuzieA5Piece on the LandA6CindyB1Pickney GalB2You Got SoulB3CoomyahB4That's the Way Life GoesB5Peace of MindB6Polka Dot", written by Jimmy Cliff, which reached No. 2 in the UK chart. Dekker was initially reluctant to record the track but was eventually persuaded to do so by Leslie Kong. Dekker's version uses the same backing track as Cliff's original. Kong, whose music production skills had been a crucial part of both Dekker's and Cliff's careers, died in 1971, affecting the careers of both artists for a short period of time. In 1972 the rude boy film The Harder They Come was released and Dekker's "007 (Shanty Town)" was featured on the soundtrack along with Cliff's version of "You Can Get It If You Really Want", as well as other Jamaican artists' hits, giving reggae more international exposure and preparing the way for Bob Marley.
In 1975 "Israelites×Israelites1990 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Israelites2:382No Place Like Home3:243Everybody Join Hands4:044Money & Friends2:515Beware3:126Busted Lad3:247Mother Nature3:398It Mek2:259My World Is Blue3:1710Sing A Little Song3:06" was re-released and became a UK top 10 hit for a second time. Dekker had also begun working on new material with the production duo Bruce Anthony in 1974. In 1975 this collaboration resulted in the release of "Sing a Little Song×Sing A Little Song2004 · OtherSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 33 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11007 (Shanty Town)3:142Don't Blame Me2:553Hippopotamus2:564Intensified2:455Israelites3:066It Mek2:367Jamaican Ska2:288Nincompoup2:339Opportunity2:5310Pickney Gal2:4611Pretty Africa3:1812Problems2:2813Rudy Got Soul1:5814Sabotage2:3015Sing A Little Song3:0716The More You Live2:3717You Can Get It If You Really Want3:0318Unity2:3119Where Did It Go4:4320Wise Man2:25Disc 21Cherry Oh Baby [Live]2:062Honour Your Mother And Father [Live]2:263Get Up Edina [Live]3:004Good Loving [Live]4:535It Mek [Live]4:496King Of Ska [Live]3:087Halfway To Paradise [Live]5:418Rude Boy Train [Live]4:029Sing A Little Song [Live]5:2010Medley [Live]12:2111Day-O [Live]2:5212Israelites [Live]7:4613You Can Get It If You Really Want [Live]6:35", which charted in the UK top twenty; this was to be his last UK hit.

1980s and later

The 1980s found Dekker signed to a new label, Stiff Records, an independent label that specialized in punk and new wave acts as well as releases associated with the 2 Tone label, whose acts instigated a short-lived but influential ska revival. He recorded an album called Black & Dekker×Black & Dekker1980 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Israelites2:322Lickin' Stick2:563It Mek2:454Please Don't Bend3:175Many Rivers to Cross4:066Hippo3:2670072:538Workout2:469Problems3:0910Rude Boy Train3:4311Pickney Gal3:0712Why Fight?2:54 (1980), which featured his previous hits backed by The Rumour, Graham Parker's backing band and Akrylykz (featuring Roland Gift, later of Fine Young Cannibals). A re-recorded version of "Israelites×Israelites1990 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Israelites2:382No Place Like Home3:243Everybody Join Hands4:044Money & Friends2:515Beware3:126Busted Lad3:247Mother Nature3:398It Mek2:259My World Is Blue3:1710Sing A Little Song3:06" was released in 1980 on the Stiff label, followed by other new recordings: Jimmy Cliff's "Many Rivers to Cross" and "Book of Rules". Dekker's next album, Compass Point×Compass Point1981 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1I'll Get By2Moving On3We Can and We Shall4Hurts So Bad5Isabella6Come Back to Me7Cindy8I Do Believe (My Destiny)9Big Headed10That's My Woman11Allamanna (1981), was produced by Robert Palmer. Despite declining sales, Dekker remained a popular live performer and continued to tour with The Rumour.
Only a single live album was released in the late 1980s. In 1990 "Israelites" was used in a Maxell TV advert that became popular and brought the song and artist back to the attention of the general public. He collaborated with the Specials on the 1993 album, King of Kings×King of Kings1993 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Sammy Dead2:512Fat Man2:433Easy Snapping2:344Carry Go Bring Come2:555Dancing Mood3:046Humpty Dumpty2:417King of Ska2:518Oil in My Lamp3:069Take It Easy2:3910Wings of a Dove2:4011King of Kings3:0012Jamaica Ska2:24, which was released under Desmond Dekker and the Specials. King of Kings consists of songs by Dekker's musical heroes including Byron Lee; Theophilus Beckford, Jimmy Cliff, and his friend and fellow Kong label artist, Derrick Morgan. He also collaborated on a remix of "Israelites" with reggae artist Apache Indian. In 2003 a reissue of The Harder They Come soundtrack featured "Israelites" and "007 (Shanty Town)". Desmond headlined Jools Holland's 2003 Annual Hootenanny.

Personal life and death

In 1969, Dekker took permanent residency in the UK. In 1984, he was declared bankrupt.
Dekker died of a heart attack on 25 May 2006, at his home in Thornton Heath in the London Borough of Croydon, England, aged 64, and was buried at Streatham Park Cemetery. He was preparing to headline The World Music Festival in Prague. Dekker was divorced and was survived by his son Desmond Dekker Jr and daughter Desrene Dekker.

Tribute band

The 2006 to 2015 line-up for Dekker's backing band, The Aces, who are still performing tribute concerts, includes:

Delroy Williams – backing vocals/M.C.
Gordon Mulrain – bass guitarist and session musician (Mulrain, also known as "Innerheart", is co-founder of the British record label Ambiel Music)
Aubrey Mulrain – keyboard player and session musician
Steve Roberts – guitarist and session musician (also a member of the British band Dubzone)
Learoy Green – drums and session musician
Stan Samuel – guitarist and session musician
Charles Nelson – keyboard player and session musician
This particular line-up also recorded with Dekker on some of his later studio sessions in the 1990s.
The 2016 to present line-up of musicians for Desmond Dekker's band the Aces featuring Delroy Williams & Guests:

Delroy Williams – vocals (also featuring guests Winston 'Mr Fix It' Francis and Glenroy Oakley from Greyhound 'Black & White')
Gordon Mulrain – bass guitarist and session musician
Aubrey Mulrain – keyboard player and session musician
Learoy Green – drums, backing vocals and session musician
Bryan Campbell – keyboard player and session musician
Steve Baker – guitarist, backing vocals, peripatetic guitar teacher and session guitarist. Also founder and MD of reggae and ska tribute/backing band Zeb Rootz
Paul Abraham – guitarist and backing vocals

Studio albums

007 Shanty Town (1967) – Doctor Bird (Desmond Dekker & the Aces)
Action! (1968) (Desmond Dekker & the Aces)
The Israelites (1969) – Pyramid, reached No. 153 in the United States
Intensified (1970) – Lagoon
You Can Get It If You Really Want (1970) – Trojan
The Israelites (1975), Cactus – completely different album from the 1969 release
Black and Dekker (1980) – Stiff
Compass Point (1981) – Stiff
King of Kings with The Specials (1993) – Trojan Records
Halfway to Paradise (1999) – Trojan
In Memoriam 1941 – CD Album – (2007) Secret Records
King of Ska – Red Vinyl (2019) Burning Sounds

Compilation albums

This Is Desmond Dekkar (1969) – Trojan Records (UK #27), reissued on CD in 2006 with 19 bonus tracks
Double Dekker (1973) – Trojan. Reissued on Music on Vinyl February 16, 2022
Dekker's Sweet 16 Hits (1979) – Trojan
The Original Reggae Hitsound (1985) – Trojan
20 Golden Pieces of Desmond Dekker (1987) – Bulldog
The Official Live and Rare (1987) – Trojan
Greatest Hits (1988) – Streetlife
The Best of & the Rest Of (1990) – Action Replay
Music Like Dirt (1992) – Trojan
Rockin' Steady – The Best of Desmond Dekker (1992) – Rhino
Crucial Cuts (1993) – Music Club
Israelites (1994) – Laserlight
Action (1995) – Lagoon
Voice of Ska (1995) – Emporio
Moving On (1996) – Trojan
The Israelites (1996) – Marble Arch
First Time for a Long Time (1997) – Trojan
Desmond Dekker Archive (1997) – Rialto
The Writing on the Wall (1998) – Trojan
Israelites (1999) – Castle Pie
Israelites: The Best of Desmond Dekker (1963–1971) – Trojan (1999)
The Very Best Of (2000) – Jet Set
Israelites – Anthology 1963 to 1999 (2001) – Trojan
007 – The Best of Desmond Dekker (2011) – Trojan
Live – Live at Dingwalls (2021) – Secret