Funkadelic

Biography

Funkadelic was an American funk rock band formed in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1968 and active until 1982. As one of the two flagship groups of George Clinton's P-Funk collective, they helped pioneer the funk music culture of the 1970s. Funkadelic initially formed as a backing band for Clinton's vocal group the Parliaments (later the full-fledged band Parliament), but eventually pursued a heavier, psychedelic rock-oriented sound in their own recordings. They released acclaimed albums such as Maggot Brain×Maggot Brain12 July 1971 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 7 tracksA1Maggot Brain10:20A2Can You Get to That2:50A3Hit It and Quit It3:50A4You and Your Folks, Me and My Folks3:37B1Super Stupid3:57B2Back in Our Minds2:38B3Wars of Armageddon9:43 (1971) and One Nation Under a Groove×One Nation Under a GrooveOctober 1978 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 6 tracksA1One Nation Under a Groove7:29A2Groovallegiance7:00A3Who Says a Funk Band Can’t Play Rock?6:19B1Promentalshitbackwashpsychosis Enema Squad (The Doo-Doo Chasers)10:47B2Into You5:43B3Cholly (Funk Getting Ready to Roll!)4:28 (1978).

Background

The group that would become Funkadelic was formed by George Clinton in 1964, as the unnamed backing section for his doo wop group the Parliaments while on tour. The band originally consisted of musicians Frankie Boyce, Richard Boyce, and Langston Booth plus the five members of the Parliaments on vocals. Boyce, Boyce, and Booth enlisted in the Army in 1966, and Clinton recruited bassist Billy Bass Nelson and guitarist Eddie Hazel in 1967, then added guitarist Tawl Ross and drummer Tiki Fulwood. The name "Funkadelic" was coined by Nelson after the band relocated to Detroit. By 1968, because of a dispute with Revilot, the record company that owned the Parliaments' name, the ensemble began playing under the name Funkadelic.

Psychedelic era

As Funkadelic, the group signed to Westbound in 1968. Around this time, the group's music evolved from soul and doo wop into a harder guitar-driven mix of psychedelic rock, soul and funk, much influenced by the popular musical (and political) movements of the time. Jimi Hendrix, Sly Stone, the MC5, and Vanilla Fudge were major inspirations. This style later evolved into a tighter guitar and horns-based funk (circa 1971–75), which subsequently, during the height of Parliament-Funkadelic success (circa 1976–81), added elements of R&B and electronic music, with fewer psychedelic rock elements. The band made their first live television performance on Say Brother on October 7, 1969. They played a jam with songs "Into My Own Thing" (Sly and the Family Stone cover), "What Is Soul?", "(I Wanna) Testify", "I Was Made to Love Her" (Stevie Wonder cover), "Friday Night, August 14th" and "Music for My Mother".
The group's self-titled debut album, Funkadelic, was released in 1970. The credits listed organist Mickey Atkins plus Clinton, Fulwood, Hazel, Nelson, and Ross. The recording also included the rest of Parliament's singers (still uncredited because of contractual concerns), several uncredited session musicians then employed by Motown, as well as Ray Monette (of Rare Earth) and future P-Funk mainstay Bernie Worrell.
Bernie Worrell was officially credited starting with Funkadelic's second album, Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow (1970), thus beginning a long working relationship between Worrell and Clinton. The album Maggot Brain×Maggot Brain12 July 1971 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 7 tracksA1Maggot Brain10:20A2Can You Get to That2:50A3Hit It and Quit It3:50A4You and Your Folks, Me and My Folks3:37B1Super Stupid3:57B2Back in Our Minds2:38B3Wars of Armageddon9:43 followed in 1971. The first three Funkadelic albums displayed strong psychedelic influences (not least in terms of production) and limited commercial potential, despite containing many songs that stayed in the band's setlist for several years and would influence many future funk, rock, and hip hop artists.
After the release of Maggot Brain, the Funkadelic lineup expanded greatly. Tawl Ross was unavailable after experiencing either a bad LSD trip or a speed overdose, while Billy Bass Nelson and Eddie Hazel quit due to financial concerns. From this point, many more musicians and singers would be added during Funkadelic's (and Parliament's) history, including the recruitment of several members of James Brown's backing band, the JB's, in 1972 – most notably Bootsy Collins and the Horny Horns. Bootsy and his brother Catfish Collins were recruited by Clinton to replace the departed Nelson and Hazel. Bootsy in particular became a major contributor to the P-Funk sound. In 1972, this new line-up released the politically charged double album America Eats Its Young×America Eats Its YoungMay 1972 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 14 tracks · 2 discsDisc 1A1You Hit the Nail on the Head7:13A2If You Don’t Like the Effects, Don’t Produce the Cause3:48A3Everybody Is Going to Make It This Time5:57B1A Joyful Process6:16B2We Hurt Too3:51B3Loose Booty4:53B4Philmore2:34Disc 2C1Pussycat5:09C2America Eats Its Young5:54C3Biological Speculation3:09C4That Was My Girl3:47D1Balance5:31D2Miss Lucifer’s Love5:59D3Wake Up6:28. The lineup stabilized a bit with the album Cosmic Slop×Cosmic SlopMarch 1973 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 9 tracks1Nappy Dugout4:372You Can’t Miss What You Can’t Measure3:113March to the Witch’s Castle6:034Let’s Make It Last4:145Cosmic Slop5:266No Compute3:087This Broken Heart3:438Trash A‐Go‐Go2:269Can’t Stand the Strain2:30 in 1973, featuring major contributions from recently added singer-guitarist Garry Shider. After first leaving the band, Eddie Hazel spent a year in jail after assaulting an airline flight attendant and air marshal while under the influence of PCP, then he returned to make major contributions to the album Standing on the Verge of Getting It On×Standing on the Verge of Getting It OnSeptember 1974 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 7 tracksA1Red Hot Mama4:57A2Alice in My Fantasies2:30A3I’ll Stay7:19A4Sexy Ways3:08B1Standing on the Verge of Getting It On5:10B2Jimmy’s Got a Little Bit of Bitch in Him2:34B3Good Thoughts, Bad Thoughts12:17 (1974). Hazel only contributed to P-Funk sporadically thereafter.

P-Funk

George Clinton revived Parliament in 1974 and signed them to Casablanca Records. Parliament and Funkadelic featured mostly the same stable of personnel but operated concurrently under two names. At first, Parliament was designated as a more mainstream funk ensemble dominated by soulful vocals and horn arrangements, while Funkadelic was designated as a more experimental and freestyle guitar-based funk band. The ensemble usually toured under the combined name Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk (which also became the catch-all term for George Clinton's rapidly growing stable of funk artists). In 1975, Funkadelic released its most successful album yet, Let's Take It to the Stage, which nearly cracked the R&B top ten and the Billboard 100.
Later in 1975 Michael Hampton, a teen guitar prodigy, replaced Hazel as the premier lead guitarist in Parliament-Funkadelic, and was a major contributor to the next several Funkadelic albums. Funkadelic left Westbound in 1976 and moved to Warner Brothers. Their first album for Warner was Hardcore Jollies×Hardcore Jollies29 October 1976 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 8 tracksA1Comin’ Round the Mountain5:49A2Smokey6:08A3If You Got Funk, You Got Style3:05A4Hardcore Jollies5:02B1Soul Mate2:46B2Cosmic Slop (live)6:28B3You Scared the Lovin’ Outta Me6:22B4Adolescent Funk4:15 released in 1976. Just before leaving Westbound, Clinton provided that label with a collection of recently recorded outtakes, which Westbound released as the album Tales of Kidd Funkadelic×Tales of Kidd FunkadelicOctober 1976 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 7 tracksA1Butt‐to‐Butt Resuscitation3:54A2Let’s Take It to the People1:50A3Undisco Kidd6:37A4Take Your Dead Ass Home! (Say Som’n Nasty)7:19B1I’m Never Gonna Tell It3:40B2Tales of Kidd Funkedelic (Opusdelite Years)12:53B3How Do Yeaw View You?3:41. That album did significantly better commercially than Hardcore Jollies and included "Undisco Kidd", an R&B Top 30 single. In 1977, Westbound capitalized further by releasing the anthology The Best of the Early Years.

Mainstream success

As Parliament began achieving significant mainstream success in the 1975–1978 period, Funkadelic recorded and released its most successful and influential album, One Nation Under a Groove×One Nation Under a GrooveOctober 1978 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 6 tracksA1One Nation Under a Groove7:29A2Groovallegiance7:00A3Who Says a Funk Band Can’t Play Rock?6:19B1Promentalshitbackwashpsychosis Enema Squad (The Doo-Doo Chasers)10:47B2Into You5:43B3Cholly (Funk Getting Ready to Roll!)4:28 in 1978, adding former Ohio Players keyboardist Walter "Junie" Morrison and reflecting a more melodic dance-based sound. The title track spent six weeks at number one on the R&B chart, around the time that Parliament was enjoying the number one R&B singles "Flash Light" and "Aqua Boogie". Uncle Jam Wants You in 1979 continued Funkadelic's new more electronic sound production. The album contains the fifteen-minute "(Not Just) Knee Deep×(Not Just) Knee Deep1979 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksA(Not Just) Knee Deep, Part 14:25B(Not Just) Knee Deep, Part 25:20" featuring former Spinners lead singer Philippé Wynne, an edited version of which topped the R&B charts. The final official Funkadelic album, The Electric Spanking of War Babies×The Electric Spanking of War BabiesAugust 1981 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 9 tracks1The Electric Spanking of War Babies8:392Electro-Cuties6:123Funk Gets Stronger, Part 16:414Brettino's Bounce3:415Funk Gets Stronger (Killer Millimeter Longer version)4:276She Loves You0:167Shockwaves5:088Oh, I4:549Icka Prick4:09, was released in 1981. The release was originally a double-album project, but it was reduced to a single disc under pressure from Warner Brothers. Some of the deleted tracks would appear on future P-Funk releases, most notably the 1982 hit single "Atomic Dog" which appeared on the first George Clinton solo album.
Meanwhile, the album Connections & Disconnections (re-issued on CD as Who's a Funkadelic) was released under the name Funkadelic in 1981. The album was recorded by former Funkadelic members and original Parliaments Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas, who had left P-Funk in 1977 after disagreements with George Clinton's management practices. This LP, notable for its heavy use of Thomas "Pae-dog" McEvoy's jazz horn, contains the track called "You'll Like It Too", which became a very popular breakbeat source for the hip hop community in the 1980s. Former band member drummer Jerome Brailey released the album Mutiny on the Mamaship, by his new band Mutiny.

Dissolution

In the early 1980s, with legal difficulties arising from the multiple names used by multiple groups, as well as a shakeup at Parliament's record label, George Clinton dissolved Parliament and Funkadelic as recording and touring entities. However, many of the musicians in later versions of the two groups remained employed by Clinton. Clinton continued to release new albums regularly, sometimes under his own name and sometimes under the name George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars. In the mid-1980s, the penultimate Funkadelic studio album By Way of the Drum×By Way of the Drum6 March 2007 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Nose Bleed5:442Sunshine of Your Love5:263Freaks Bearing Gifts6:014Yadadada5:075By Way of the Drum (radio edit)6:006Jugular5:577Some Fresh Delic5:258Primal Instinct4:539By Way of the Drum (extended version)9:1610By Way of the Drum (dub)6:5511By Way of the Drum (Basstrumental)6:1012By Way of the Drum (a cappella)5:51 was recorded by Clinton with P-Funk personnel and many electronic devices. The album was rejected by its record label and did not see official release in America until it appeared as a reissue in 2007. It features a cover of "Sunshine Of Your Love" by Cream. The album did not receive any publicity but still received favorable reviews.

Legacy

Clinton continued his P-Funk collective in the 1990s and 2000s, with a revolving stable of musicians, some of whom remain from the classic lineups of Funkadelic and Parliament. The rock-oriented sound of Funkadelic has diminished, as Clinton has moved towards more of an R&B and hip hop sound. In 1997 the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Filmmaker Yvonne Smith of New York City-based Brazen Hussy productions produced Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove, a full-length documentary about the groundbreaking group, which aired on PBS in 2005. As of 2008, Clinton was at work on a new Funkadelic album for his new record label. In November 2008, Westbound Records released Toys, a collection of Funkadelic outtakes and demos from the Free Your Mind and America Eats Its Young era. Critical reception of the album has generally been positive. In April 2013, the band released their first single in over 25 years when they released "The Naz". The song is a collaboration with Sly Stone and tells the story of Jesus Christ. The B-side to the song is "Nuclear Dog" which is guitar solo by P-Funk guitarist Dewayne "Blackbyrd" McKnight.
Funkadelic had a major influence on a large number of hip-hop artists, and the genre of hip-hop as a whole. In particular, Dr. Dre references Funkadelic's sound as a major influence on his music, especially his G-funk sound. Funkadelic's 1979 release "(Not Just) Knee Deep×(Not Just) Knee Deep1979 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksA(Not Just) Knee Deep, Part 14:25B(Not Just) Knee Deep, Part 25:20" in particular was sampled extensively by G-Funk artists, including placements on Dr. Dre's The Chronic, Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle, MC Hammer's Street Fighter OST, De La Soul's Me Myself and I and Tupac's All Eyez on Me.