R.E.M.

Biography

R.E.M. was an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by drummer Bill Berry, guitarist Peter Buck, bassist Mike Mills, and lead vocalist Michael Stipe, who were students at the University of Georgia. R.E.M. was noted for Buck's arpeggiated "jangle" guitar playing; Stipe's distinctive vocal style, unique stage presence, and cryptic lyrics; Mills's countermelodic bass lines and backing vocals; and Berry's tight, economical drumming. In the early 1990s, other alternative rock acts such as Nirvana, the Pixies, and Pavement named R.E.M. as a pioneer of the genre. After Berry left in 1997, the remaining members continued with mixed critical and commercial success. The band broke up amicably in 2011, having sold more than 90 million albums worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music acts.
The band released their first single, "Radio Free Europe×Radio Free EuropeJuly 1981 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksARadio Free Europe3:35BSitting Still3:10", in 1981 on the independent record label Hib-Tone. It was followed by the Chronic Town EP in 1982, their first release on I.R.S. Records. Over the course of the decade, R.E.M. released acclaimed albums, commencing with their debut Murmur×Murmur11 April 1983 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Radio Free Europe4:062Pilgrimage4:303Laughing3:594Talk About the Passion3:245Moral Kiosk3:326Perfect Circle3:317Catapult3:578Sitting Still3:1899–93:0510Shaking Through4:3011We Walk3:0212West of the Fields3:19 (1983), and continuing yearly with Reckoning (1984), Fables of the Reconstruction (1985), Lifes Rich Pageant (1986), and Document (1987). During their most successful period, they worked with the producer Scott Litt. With constant touring, and the support of college radio following years of underground success, R.E.M. achieved a mainstream hit with the 1987 single "The One I Love×The One I Love1987 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1The One I Love3:192Last Date2:183Disturbance at the Heron House3:40". They signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1988, releasing Green later that year, and began to espouse political and environmental concerns while playing arenas worldwide.
R.E.M.'s most commercially successful albums, Out of Time×Out of Time8 March 1991 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Radio Song4:162Losing My Religion4:293Low4:574Near Wild Heaven3:205Endgame3:516Shiny Happy People3:467Belong4:078Half a World Away3:289Texarkana3:4010Country Feedback4:1011Me in Honey4:07 (1991) and Automatic for the People×Automatic for the People5 October 1992 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Drive4:312Try Not to Breathe3:513The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite4:094Everybody Hurts5:205New Orleans Instrumental No. 12:166Sweetness Follows4:227Monty Got a Raw Deal3:188Ignoreland4:279Star Me Kitten3:1610Man on the Moon5:1411Nightswimming4:1812Find the River3:50 (1992), put them in the vanguard of alternative rock at the time. Out of Time received seven nominations at the 34th Annual Grammy Awards, and lead single "Losing My Religion×Losing My ReligionFebruary 1991 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Losing My Religion4:292Fretless4:513Losing My Religion (live acoustic version)4:384Rotary Eleven2:32" was R.E.M.'s highest-charting and best-selling hit. Monster (1994) continued its run of success. The band began its first tour in six years to support the album; the tour was marred by medical emergencies suffered by three×Three16 April 2011 · Single · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 6 tracks · 3 discsDisc 1AMine Smell Like Honey3:11BSupernatural Superserious (live in Walnut Creek, NC)3:37Disc 2COh My Heart3:20DHarborcoat (live in Riga, Latvia)3:46Disc 3EÜberlin (edit)4:14FWhat’s the Frequency, Kenneth? (live in Oslo, Norway)3:45 of the band members. In 1996, R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. for a reported US$80 million, at the time the most expensive recording contract ever. The tour was productive and the band recorded the following album mostly during soundchecks. The resulting record, New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996), is hailed as the band's last great album and the members' favorite, growing in cult status over the years.
Berry left the band the following year for health reasons, and Stipe, Buck and Mills continued as a trio, supplemented by studio and live musicians such as the multi-instrumentalists Scott McCaughey and Ken Stringfellow and the drummers Joey Waronker and Bill Rieflin. They also parted ways with their longtime manager Jefferson Holt, at which point their attorney Bertis Downs assumed managerial duties. Seeking to renovate their sound, the band stopped working with Litt, and hired as co-producer Pat McCarthy, who had worked as mixer and engineer on the band's previous two albums. After the electronic and experimental direction of Up (1998), which was commercially unsuccessful, Reveal (2001), referred to as "a conscious return to their classic sound", received general acclaim.
In 2007, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility. Berry reunited with the band for the ceremony, where they recorded a cover of John Lennon's "#9 Dream×#9 Dream13 May 2007 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1#9 Dream4:39" for the 2007 compilation album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur to benefit Amnesty International's campaign to alleviate the Darfur conflict. Looking for a change of sound after lukewarm reception for Around the Sun (2004), the band collaborated with the producer Jacknife Lee on their final two studio albums—the well-received Accelerate×Accelerate11 March 2008 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Living Well Is the Best Revenge3:122Man‐Sized Wreath2:333Supernatural Superserious3:244Hollow Man2:395Houston2:056Accelerate3:347Until the Day Is Done4:098Mr. Richards3:469Sing for the Submarine4:5110Horse to Water2:1811I’m Gonna DJ2:08 (2008) and Collapse into Now×Collapse Into Now4 March 2011 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Discoverer3:312All the Best2:483Überlin4:154Oh My Heart3:215It Happened Today3:496Every Day Is Yours to Win3:267Mine Smell Like Honey3:138Walk It Back3:249Alligator_Aviator_Autopilot_Antimatter2:4510That Someone Is You1:4411Me, Marlon Brando, Marlon Brando and I3:0312Blue5:46 (2011). In 2024, all four of the band's members reunited to perform "Losing My Religion" at their induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and once again in 2025 to perform "Pretty Persuasion" at the 40 Watt Club in Athens.

1980–1982: Formation and first releases

In January 1980, Peter Buck met Michael Stipe in Wuxtry Records, the Athens record store where Buck worked. The pair discovered that they shared similar tastes in music, particularly in punk rock and proto-punk artists like Patti Smith, Television, and the Velvet Underground. Stipe said, "It turns out that I was buying all the records that [Buck] was saving for himself." Through mutual friend Kathleen O'Brien, Stipe and Buck then met fellow University of Georgia students Bill Berry and Mike Mills, who had played music together since their high school days in Macon, Georgia. The quartet agreed to collaborate on several songs; Stipe later commented that "there was never any grand plan behind any of it". The still-unnamed band spent a few months rehearsing in the deconsecrated St. Mary's Episcopal Church on Oconee Street in Athens. "I remember our very first practice," recalled Mills in 2024. "Bill and I had some stuff left over from our band in Macon. We showed it to Peter and Michael, and they took it to places—even that very first night—that I didn't expect. I thought, 'This works for me.'" He continued: "Bill and I had a bunch of songs from a band we were in in Macon, and we showed [Peter and Michael] those songs. Peter was playing arpeggiated stuff – nobody plays that. And Michael: the voice was there, and he did some fun things with the melodies. I thought, 'These guys are bringing something to the game.'" They fleshed out their performances at their rehearsal space on Jackson Street in Athens.
They played their first show on April 5, 1980, supported by the Side Effects at O'Brien's birthday party held in the same church, performing a mix of originals and 1960s and 1970s covers. After considering names such as "Cans of Piss", "Negro Eyes", and "Twisted Kites", the band settled on "R.E.M.", which Stipe selected at random from a dictionary. R.E.M. is well known as an abbreviation for rapid eye movement, the dream stage of sleep; however, sleep researcher Rafael Pelayo reports that when his colleague William C. Dement, the sleep scientist who coined the term REM, reached out to the band, Dement was told that the band was "not [named] after REM sleep". William "Ort" Carlton claimed the acronym referenced photographer Ralph Eugene Meatyard, about whom Stipe often inquired; Meatyard signed his prints "r.e.m."

The band members eventually dropped out of school to focus on their developing group. They found a manager in Jefferson Holt, a record store clerk who was so impressed by an R.E.M. performance in his hometown of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, that he moved to Athens. R.E.M.'s success was almost immediate in Athens and surrounding areas; the band drew progressively larger crowds for shows, which caused some resentment in the local scene. Over the next year and a half, R.E.M. toured throughout the Southern United States. Touring was arduous because a touring circuit for alternative rock bands did not then exist. "We made it up as we went along with people who owned bars or pizza joints or coffee shops or gay bars or biker bars," said Mills. "Anybody that wanted this kind of music there, they would make a way for it to happen in their place. It was so exciting." The group toured in an old blue van driven by Holt (and any band member except Stipe), and lived on a food allowance of $2 each per day.
In April 1981, R.E.M. recorded their first single, "Radio Free Europe×Radio Free EuropeJuly 1981 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksARadio Free Europe3:35BSitting Still3:10", at producer Mitch Easter's Drive-In Studio in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, after a recommendation by Peter Holsapple. Initially distributing it as a four-track demo tape to clubs, record labels and magazines, the single was released in July 1981 on the local independent record label Hib-Tone with an initial pressing of 1,000 copies—600 of which were sent out as promotional copies. The single quickly sold out, and another 6,000 copies were pressed due to popular demand, despite the original pressing leaving off the record label's contact details. Despite its limited pressing, the single garnered critical acclaim, and was listed as one of the ten best singles of the year by The New York Times.

R.E.M. recorded the Chronic Town EP with Easter in October 1981, and planned to release it on a new indie label named Dasht Hopes. However, I.R.S. Records acquired a demo of the band's first recording session with Easter that had been circulating for months. The band turned down the advances of major label RCA Records in favor of I.R.S., with whom they signed a contract in May 1982. I.R.S. released Chronic Town that August as its first American release. A positive review of the EP by NME praised the songs' auras of mystery, and concluded, "R.E.M. ring true, and it's great to hear something as unforced and cunning as this."

1982–1988: I.R.S. Records and cult success

I.R.S. first paired R.E.M. with producer Stephen Hague to record their debut album. Hague's emphasis on technical perfection left the band unsatisfied, and the band members asked the label to let them record with Easter again. I.R.S. agreed to a "tryout" session, allowing the band to return to North Carolina and record the song "Pilgrimage" with Easter and producing partner Don Dixon. After hearing the track, I.R.S. permitted the group to record the entire album with Dixon and Easter. Because of their bad experience with Hague, the band recorded the album via a process of negation, refusing to incorporate rock music clichés such as guitar solos or then-popular synthesizers, in order to give its music a timeless feel. The completed album, Murmur×Murmur11 April 1983 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Radio Free Europe4:062Pilgrimage4:303Laughing3:594Talk About the Passion3:245Moral Kiosk3:326Perfect Circle3:317Catapult3:578Sitting Still3:1899–93:0510Shaking Through4:3011We Walk3:0212West of the Fields3:19, was greeted with critical acclaim upon its release in 1983, with Rolling Stone listing the album as its record of the year. The album reached number 36 on the Billboard album chart. A re-recorded version of "Radio Free Europe×Radio Free EuropeJuly 1981 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksARadio Free Europe3:35BSitting Still3:10" was the album's lead single and reached number 78 on the Billboard singles chart in 1983. Despite the acclaim awarded the album, Murmur sold only about 200,000 copies, which I.R.S.'s Jay Boberg felt was below expectations.
R.E.M. made their first national television appearance on Late Night with David Letterman in October 1983, during which the group performed "Radio Free Europe" and a new untitled song. Eventually titled "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)", the latter song became the first single from the band's second album, Reckoning×Reckoning17 April 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Harborcoat3:5427 Chinese Bros.4:183So. Central Rain3:164Pretty Persuasion3:535Time After Time (Annelise)3:326Second Guessing2:517Letter Never Sent3:028Camera5:289(Don’t Go Back to) Rockville4:5510Little America3:02 (1984), which was also recorded with Easter and Dixon. The album was met with critical acclaim; NME's Mat Snow wrote that it "confirms R.E.M. as one of the most beautifully exciting groups on the planet". While Reckoning peaked at number 27 on the US album charts—an unusually high chart placing for a college rock band at the time—scant airplay and poor distribution overseas resulted in it charting no higher than number 91 in Britain.

The band's third album, Fables of the Reconstruction×Fables of the Reconstruction11 June 1985 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Feeling Gravity’s Pull4:522Maps and Legends3:113Driver 83:244Life and How to Live It4:095Old Man Kensey4:106Can’t Get There From Here3:407Green Grow the Rushes3:468Kohoutek3:179Auctioneer (Another Engine)2:4410Good Advices3:3111Wendell Gee3:00 (1985), demonstrated a change in direction. Instead of Dixon and Easter, R.E.M. chose producer Joe Boyd, who had worked with Fairport Convention and Nick Drake, to record the album in London. The band members found the sessions unexpectedly difficult, and were miserable due to the cold winter weather and what they considered to be poor food; the situation brought the band to the verge of break-up. The gloominess surrounding the sessions worked its way into the context for the album's themes. Lyrically, Stipe began to create storylines with Southern Gothic themes, noting in a 1985 interview that he was inspired by "the whole idea of the old men sitting around the fire, passing on ... legends and fables to the grandchildren".
They toured Canada in July and August 1985, and Europe in October of that year, including the Netherlands, England (including one concert at London's Hammersmith Palais), Ireland, Scotland, France, Switzerland, Belgium, and West Germany. On October 2, 1985, the group played a concert in Bochum, West Germany, for the German TV show Rockpalast. Stipe had bleached his hair blond during this time. R.E.M. invited Los Angeles punk band Minutemen to open for them on part of the US tour, and later organized a benefit for the family of Minutemen frontman D. Boon, who died in a December 1985 car crash shortly after the tour's conclusion. Fables of the Reconstruction performed poorly in Europe and its critical reception was mixed, with some critics regarding it as dreary and poorly recorded. As with the previous records, the singles from Fables of the Reconstruction were mostly ignored by mainstream radio; I.R.S. was becoming frustrated with the band's reluctance to achieve mainstream success.
For their fourth album, R.E.M. enlisted John Mellencamp's producer Don Gehman. The album, entitled Lifes Rich Pageant×Lifes Rich Pageant28 July 1986 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Begin the Begin3:292These Days3:253Fall on Me2:514Cuyahoga4:215Hyena2:516Underneath the Bunker1:287The Flowers of Guatemala3:578I Believe3:509What If We Give It Away?3:3510Just a Touch3:0111Swan Swan H2:5012Superman2:53 (1986), brought Stipe's vocals closer to the forefront of the music. In a 1986 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Peter Buck related, "Michael is getting better at what he's doing, and he's getting more confident at it. And I think that shows up in the projection of his voice." The album improved markedly upon the sales of Fables of the Reconstruction and reached number 21 on the Billboard album chart. The single "Fall on Me×Fall on Me14 July 1986 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracksAFall On Me2:49B1Rotary Ten2:00B2Toys In The Attic2:26" also picked up support on commercial radio. The album was the band's first to be certified gold for selling 500,000 copies. While American college radio remained R.E.M.'s core support, the band was beginning to chart hits on mainstream rock formats; however, the music still encountered resistance from Top 40 radio.
Following the success of Lifes Rich Pageant, I.R.S. issued Dead Letter Office, a compilation of tracks recorded by the band during their album sessions, many of which had either been issued as B-sides or left unreleased. Shortly thereafter, I.R.S. compiled R.E.M.'s music video catalog (except "Wolves, Lower") as the band's first video release, Succumbs.

Don Gehman was unable to produce R.E.M.'s fifth album, so he suggested the group work with Scott Litt. Litt would become the producer for the band's next five albums. Document (1987) featured some of Stipe's most overtly political lyrics, particularly on "Welcome to the Occupation" and "Exhuming McCarthy", which were reactions to the conservative political environment of the 1980s under American president Ronald Reagan. Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote in his review of the album: "'Document×Document31 August 1987 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Finest Worksong3:502Welcome to the Occupation2:493Exhuming McCarthy3:224Disturbance at the Heron House3:345Strange2:336It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine)4:077The One I Love3:188Fireplace3:249Lightnin’ Hopkins3:2110King of Birds4:1011Oddfellows Local 1515:22' is both confident and defiant; if R.E.M. is about to move from cult-band status to mass popularity, the album decrees that the band will get there on its own terms." Document was R.E.M.'s breakthrough album, and the first single "The One I Love×The One I Love1987 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1The One I Love3:192Last Date2:183Disturbance at the Heron House3:40" charted in the Top 20 in the US, UK, and Canada. By January 1988, Document had become the group's first album to sell a million copies. In light of the band's breakthrough, the December 1987 cover of Rolling Stone declared R.E.M. "America's Best Rock & Roll Band".

1988–1997: International breakthrough and alternative rock stardom

Frustrated that its records did not see satisfactory overseas distribution, R.E.M. left I.R.S. when its contract expired and signed with the major label Warner Bros. Records. Though other labels offered more money, R.E.M. ultimately signed with Warner Bros.—reportedly for an amount between $6 million and $12 million—due to the company's assurance of total creative freedom. (Jay Boberg claimed that R.E.M.'s deal with Warner Bros. was for $22 million, which Peter Buck disputed as "definitely wrong".) In the aftermath of the group's departure, I.R.S. released the 1988 compilation Eponymous×Eponymous17 October 1988 · Album · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Radio Free Europe (original Hib-Tone single)3:492Gardening at Night (Different vocal mix)3:303Talk About the Passion3:224So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)3:155(Don't Go Back to) Rockville4:336Can't Get There From Here3:407Driver 83:258Romance3:279Fall on Me2:5210The One I Love3:1711Finest Worksong (Mutual Drum Horn mix)3:5112It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)4:05 (assembled with input from the band members) to capitalize on assets the company still possessed. The band's first album on Warner Bros., Green×Green7 November 1988 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Pop Song 893:052Get Up2:423You Are the Everything3:454Stand3:135World Leader Pretend4:206The Wrong Child3:387Orange Crush3:528Turn You Inside‐Out4:179Hairshirt3:5610I Remember California5:0411[untitled]3:10 (1988), was recorded in Memphis, Tennessee, and showcased the group experimenting with its sound. The record's tracks ranged from the upbeat first single "Stand×Stand23 January 1989 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1Stand3:122Pop Song ’89 (acoustic version)2:593Skin Tight (live, Orlando, Florida 1989-04-30)2:03" (a hit in the United States), to more political material, like the rock-oriented "Orange Crush×Orange Crush25 October 1988 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Orange Crush3:522Memphis Train Blues (The Eleventh Untitled Song)1:39" and "World Leader Pretend×World Leader Pretend14 October 2016 · Single · LiveSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1World Leader Pretend4:12", which address the Vietnam War and the Cold War, respectively. Green has gone on to sell four million copies worldwide. The band supported the album with their biggest and most visually developed tour to date, featuring back-projections and art films playing on the stage. After the Green World Tour, the band members unofficially decided to take the following year off, the first extended break in the band's career. In 1990, Warner Bros. issued the music video compilation Pop Screen×Pop ScreenAlbum · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 9 tracks1The One I Love3:312It’s the End of the World As We Know It (and I Feel Fine)4:083Finest Worksong3:554Talk About the Passion3:245Orange Crush3:536Stand3:167Turn You Inside‐Out4:168Pop Song 893:129Get Up2:39 to collect clips from the Document×Document31 August 1987 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Finest Worksong3:502Welcome to the Occupation2:493Exhuming McCarthy3:224Disturbance at the Heron House3:345Strange2:336It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine)4:077The One I Love3:188Fireplace3:249Lightnin’ Hopkins3:2110King of Birds4:1011Oddfellows Local 1515:22 and Green albums, followed a few months later by the video album Tourfilm×TourfilmOctober 1990 · OtherSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 17 tracks1Stand2The One I Love3These Days4Turn You Inside‐Out5World Leader Pretend6Feeling Gravitys Pull7I Believe8I Remember California9Get Up10It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine)11Pop Song 8912Fall on Me13You Are the Everything14Begin the Begin15King of Birds16Finest Worksong17Perfect Circle featuring live performances from the tour.

R.E.M. reconvened in mid-1990 to record Out of Time. In a departure from Green, the band members often wrote the music on non-traditional rock instrumentation including mandolin, organ, and acoustic guitar instead of adding them later in the process. Released in March 1991, Out of Time was the band's first album to top both the US and UK charts. The record eventually sold 4.2 million copies in the US alone, and about 12 million copies worldwide by 1996. The album's lead single, "Losing My Religion×Losing My ReligionFebruary 1991 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Losing My Religion4:292Fretless4:513Losing My Religion (live acoustic version)4:384Rotary Eleven2:32", was a worldwide hit that received heavy rotation on radio, MTV, and VH1. "Losing My Religion" was also R.E.M.'s highest-charting single in the US, reaching number four on the Billboard charts. "There've been very few life-changing events in our career because our career has been so gradual," Mills said years later. In 2024, he added: "If we'd sold ten million of our first record, I doubt any of us would be alive right now." Regarding a pivotal moment, he said: "If you want to talk about life changing, I think 'Losing My Religion' is the closest it gets". The album's second single, "Shiny Happy People×Shiny Happy People6 May 1991 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Shiny Happy People3:452I Remember California (live)5:423Get Up (live)3:164Pop Song '89 (live)3:30"—one of three×Three16 April 2011 · Single · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 6 tracks · 3 discsDisc 1AMine Smell Like Honey3:11BSupernatural Superserious (live in Walnut Creek, NC)3:37Disc 2COh My Heart3:20DHarborcoat (live in Riga, Latvia)3:46Disc 3EÜberlin (edit)4:14FWhat’s the Frequency, Kenneth? (live in Oslo, Norway)3:45 songs on the record to feature vocals from Kate Pierson of fellow Athens band the B-52s, was also a major hit, reaching number 10 in the US and number six in the UK. Out of Time garnered R.E.M. seven nominations at the 1992 Grammy Awards, the most nominations of any artist that year. The band won three awards: one for Best Alternative Music Album and two for "Losing My Religion", Best Short Form Music Video and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. R.E.M. did not tour to promote Out of Time; instead, the band played a series of shows, including an appearance taped for an episode of MTV Unplugged and released music videos for each song on the video album This Film Is On. The band also performed "Losing My Religion" with members of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra at Madison–Morgan Cultural Center, in Madison, Georgia, as part of MTV's 10th-anniversary special.
After spending some months off, R.E.M. returned to the studio in 1991 to record their next album. In late 1992, the band released Automatic for the People. Though the group had intended to make a heavier album after Out of Time×Out of Time8 March 1991 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Radio Song4:162Losing My Religion4:293Low4:574Near Wild Heaven3:205Endgame3:516Shiny Happy People3:467Belong4:078Half a World Away3:289Texarkana3:4010Country Feedback4:1011Me in Honey4:07, the somber Automatic for the People×Automatic for the People5 October 1992 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Drive4:312Try Not to Breathe3:513The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite4:094Everybody Hurts5:205New Orleans Instrumental No. 12:166Sweetness Follows4:227Monty Got a Raw Deal3:188Ignoreland4:279Star Me Kitten3:1610Man on the Moon5:1411Nightswimming4:1812Find the River3:50 "[seemed] to move at an even more agonized crawl", according to Melody Maker. The album dealt with themes of loss and mourning inspired by "that sense of ... turning thirty", according to Buck. Several songs featured string arrangements by former Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones. Considered by a number of critics (as well as by Buck and Mills) to be the band's best album, Automatic for the People reached numbers one and two on UK and US charts, respectively, and generated the American Top 40 hit singles "Drive×Drive1992 · Album · LiveSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 18 tracks1Losing My Religion4:362Drive3:453Radio Song3:144World Leader Pretend4:225Half a World Away3:216Man on the Moon4:517Everybody Hurts5:288Stand3:029It's the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine)4:2210Orange Crush3:4111The One I Love3:1512Driver3:3013Red Rain / South Central Rain5:5814Monty I Got a Raw Deal3:2315Country Feedback4:1116Pop Song3:0417End Game3:2118Have You Ever Seen the Rain2:25", "Man on the Moon×Man on the Moon16 November 1992 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Man on the Moon5:142Fruity Organ3:293New Orleans Instrumental #23:504Arms of Love3:34", and "Everybody Hurts×Everybody Hurts16 April 1993 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Everybody Hurts (edit)4:562Mandolin Strum3:453Chance (dub)2:324Dark Globe1:51". The album would sell over fifteen million copies worldwide. As with Out of Time, there was no tour in support of the album. The decision to forgo a tour, in conjunction with Stipe's physical appearance, generated rumors that the singer was dying or HIV-positive, which the band vehemently denied.

After the band released two slow-paced albums in a row, R.E.M.'s 1994 album Monster×Monster23 September 1994 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1What’s the Frequency, Kenneth?4:002Crush With Eyeliner4:393King of Comedy3:414I Don’t Sleep, I Dream3:285Star 693:096Strange Currencies3:537Tongue4:138Bang and Blame5:319I Took Your Name4:0310Let Me In3:2811Circus Envy4:1612You4:54 was, as Buck said, "a 'rock' record, with the rock in quotation marks." In contrast to the sound of its predecessors, the music of Monster consisted of distorted guitar tones, minimal overdubs, and touches of 1970s glam rock. Like Out of Time, Monster topped the charts in both the US and UK. The record sold about nine million copies worldwide. The singles "What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" and "Bang and Blame×Bang and Blame31 October 1994 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Bang and Blame4:522Losing My Religion (live)5:193Country Feedback (live)5:094Begin the Begin (live)3:49" were the band's last American Top 40 hits, although all the singles from Monster reached the Top 30 on the British charts. Warner Bros. assembled the music videos from the album as well as those from Automatic for the People for release as Parallel in 1995.
In January 1995, R.E.M. set out on its first tour in six years. The tour was a huge commercial success, but the period was difficult for the group. On March 1, Berry collapsed onstage during a performance in Lausanne, Switzerland, having suffered a brain aneurysm. He had surgery immediately and recovered fully within a month. Berry's aneurysm was only the beginning of a series of health problems that plagued the Monster tour. Mills had to undergo abdominal surgery to remove an intestinal adhesion in July; a month later, Stipe had to have an emergency surgery to repair a hernia. Despite all the problems, the group had recorded the bulk of a new album while on the road. The band brought along eight-track recorders to capture its shows, and used the recordings as the base elements for the album. The final three performances of the tour, at the Omni Coliseum in Atlanta, were filmed and released in home video form as Road Movie.
R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. Records in 1996 for a reported $80 million (a figure the band constantly asserted originated with the media), rumored to be the largest recording contract in history at that point. The group's 1996 album New Adventures in Hi-Fi debuted at number two in the US and number one in the UK. Critical reaction to the album was mostly favorable. In a 2017 retrospective on the band, Consequence of Sound ranked it third out of R.E.M.'s 15 full-length studio albums. The album is Stipe's favorite from R.E.M. and he considers it the band at their peak. Mills says, "It usually takes a good few years for me to decide where an album stands in the pantheon of recorded work we've done. This one may be third behind Murmur and Automatic for the People. According to DiscoverMusic: "Arguably less immediate and less accessible [...] New Adventures in Hi-Fi is a sprawling, "White Album"-esque affair clocking in at 65 minutes. However, while it required some time and commitment from the listener, the record's contents were rich, compelling and frequently stunning. Accordingly, the album has continued to lobby for recognition and has long since earned its reputation as R.E.M.'s most unsung LP." While sales were impressive, they were below their previous major label record; Time's Christopher John Farley argued that the lesser sales of the album were due to the declining commercial power of alternative rock as a whole. That same year, R.E.M. parted ways with longtime manager Jefferson Holt, allegedly due to sexual harassment charges levied against him by a member of the band's home office in Athens; the group's lawyer Bertis Downs assumed managerial duties.

1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success

In April 1997, the band convened at Buck's Kauaʻi vacation home to record demos of material intended for the next album. The band sought to reinvent its sound and intended to incorporate drum loops and percussion experiments. Just as the sessions were due to begin in October, Berry decided, after months of contemplation and discussions with Downs and Mills, to tell the rest of the band that he was quitting. Berry told his bandmates that he would not quit if they would break up as a result, so Stipe, Buck, and Mills agreed to carry on as a three-piece with his blessing. Berry publicly announced his departure three weeks later in October 1997: "I'm just not as enthusiastic as I have been in the past about doing this anymore . . . I have the best job in the world. But I'm kind of ready to sit back and reflect and maybe not be a pop star anymore." Stipe admitted that the band would be different without a major contributor: "For me, Mike, and Peter, as R.E.M., are we still R.E.M.? I guess a three-legged dog is still a dog. It just has to learn to run differently."

The band cancelled their scheduled recording sessions as a result of Berry's departure. "Without Bill it was different, confusing", Mills later said. "We didn't know exactly what to do. We couldn't rehearse without a drummer." The remaining members of R.E.M. resumed work on the album in February 1998 at Toast Studios in San Francisco. The band ended their decade-long collaboration with Scott Litt and hired Pat McCarthy to produce the record. Nigel Godrich was taken on as assistant producer, and drafted in Screaming Trees member Barrett Martin and Beck's touring drummer Joey Waronker. The recording process was tense, and the group came close to disbanding. Bertis Downs called an emergency meeting in which the band members resolved their problems and agreed to continue as a group. Led by the single "Daysleeper×Daysleeper12 October 1998 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1Daysleeper3:332Emphysema4:233Why Not Smile (Oxford American version)3:01", Up (1998) debuted in the top ten in the US and UK. However, the album was a relative failure, selling 900,000 copies in the US by mid-1999 and eventually selling just over two million copies worldwide. While R.E.M.'s American sales were declining, the group's commercial base was shifting to the UK, where more R.E.M. records were sold per capita than any other country and the band's singles regularly entered the Top 20.
A year after Up's release, R.E.M. wrote the instrumental score to the Andy Kaufman biographical film Man on the Moon, a first for the group. The film took its title from the Automatic for the People song of the same name. The song "The Great Beyond×The Great Beyond16 November 1999 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1The Great Beyond4:142The One I Love (live at Glastonbury)3:113Everybody Hurts (live at Glastonbury)6:214Man on the Moon (live at Glastonbury)5:27" was released as a single from the Man on the Moon soundtrack album. "The Great Beyond" only reached number 57 on the American pop charts, but was the band's highest-charting single ever in the UK, reaching number three in 2000.

R.E.M. recorded the majority of their twelfth album Reveal×Reveal1 May 2001 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1The Lifting4:392I’ve Been High3:273All the Way to Reno (You’re Gonna Be a Star)4:444She Just Wants to Be5:225Disappear4:116Saturn Return4:557Beat a Drum4:218Imitation of Life3:579Summer Turns to High3:3210Chorus and the Ring4:3111I’ll Take the Rain5:5112Beachball4:14 (2001) in Canada and Ireland from May to October 2000. Reveal shared the "lugubrious pace" of Up, and featured drumming by Joey Waronker, as well as contributions by Scott McCaughey (a co-founder of the band the Minus 5 with Buck), and Ken Stringfellow (founder of the Posies). Global sales of the album were over four million, but in the United States Reveal sold about the same number of copies as Up. The album was led by the single "Imitation of Life×Imitation of Life30 April 2001 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1Imitation of Life3:582The Lifting (original version)5:213Beat a Drum (Dalkey demo)4:27", which reached number six in the UK. Writing for Rock's Backpages, The Rev. Al Friston described the album as "loaded with golden loveliness at every twist and turn", in comparison to the group's "essentially unconvincing work on New Adventures in Hi-Fi and Up". Similarly, Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone called Reveal "a spiritual renewal rooted in a musical one" and praised its "ceaselessly astonishing beauty".
In 2003, Warner Bros. released the compilation album and DVD In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003×In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003August 2003 · Album · CompilationSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 33 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11Man on the Moon5:132The Great Beyond5:053Bad Day4:064What’s the Frequency, Kenneth?3:595All the Way to Reno4:446Losing My Religion4:277E‐Bow the Letter5:248Orange Crush3:519Imitation of Life3:5610Daysleeper3:3911Animal4:0112The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite4:0713Stand3:1114Electrolite4:0615All the Right Friends2:4616Everybody Hurts5:1817At My Most Beautiful3:3418Nightswimming4:18Disc 21Pop Song ’89 (acoustic)2:572Turn You Inside‐Out (live)4:163Fretless4:494Chance (dub)2:345It’s a Free World Baby5:126Drive (live)4:007Star Me Kitten3:318Revolution3:059Leave (alt. version)4:4110Why Not Smile (alt. version)3:0011The Lifting (demo)5:2012Beat a Drum (demo)4:27132JN3:2614The One I Love (live)3:2315Country Feedback (live)6:16 and In View: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003, which featured two new songs, "Bad Day×Bad Day13 October 2003 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Bad Day (amended album version)4:06" and "Animal×Animal5 January 2004 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Animal3:582Pretty Persuasion (live)4:04". At a 2003 concert in Raleigh, North Carolina, Berry made a surprise appearance, performing backing vocals on "Radio Free Europe×Radio Free EuropeJuly 1981 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksARadio Free Europe3:35BSitting Still3:10". He then sat behind the drum kit for a performance of the early R.E.M. song "Permanent Vacation", marking his first performance with the band since his retirement.
R.E.M. released Around the Sun in 2004. During production of the album in 2002, Stipe said, "[The album] sounds like it's taking off from the last couple of records into unchartered R.E.M. territory. Kind of primitive and howling". After the album's release, Mills said, "I think, honestly, it turned out a little slower than we intended for it to, just in terms of the overall speed of songs." Around the Sun received a mixed critical reception, and peaked at number 13 on the Billboard charts. The first single from the album, "Leaving New York×Leaving New York21 September 2004 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Leaving New York4:462(Don’t Go Back to) Rockville (live)4:37", was a Top 5 hit in the UK. For the record and subsequent tour, the band hired a new full-time touring drummer, Bill Rieflin, who had previously been a member of several industrial music acts such as Ministry and Pigface, and remained in that role for the duration of the band's active years. The video album Perfect Square×Perfect Square16 March 2004 · Album · LiveSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 25 tracks1Intro0:262Begin the Begin3:383What’s the Frequency, Kenneth?4:124Maps and Legends3:265Drive4:436Animal4:227Daysleeper3:468The Great Beyond4:179Bad Day4:2310The One I Love3:2211All the Way to Reno5:0012Orange Crush3:5913Losing My Religion4:4414At My Most Beautiful3:3615Electrolite4:2716She Just Wants to Be5:5817Walk Unafraid5:1618Man on the Moon5:5719Everybody Hurts6:2520So Fast, So Numb4:2321Country Feedback6:1122Permanent Vacation2:5123Imitation of Life3:5424It’s the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)5:0625Outro0:48 was released that same year.

2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup

EMI released a compilation album covering R.E.M.'s work during its tenure on I.R.S. in 2006 called And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987 along with the video album When the Light Is Mine: The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987—the label had previously released the compilations The Best of R.E.M. (1991), R.E.M.: Singles Collected (1994), and R.E.M.: In the Attic – Alternative Recordings 1985–1989 (1997). That same month, all four original band members performed during the ceremony for their induction into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. While rehearsing for the ceremony, the band recorded a cover of John Lennon's "#9 Dream×#9 Dream13 May 2007 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1#9 Dream4:39" for Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur, a tribute album benefiting Amnesty International. The song—released as a single for the album and the campaign—featured Bill Berry's first studio recording with the band since his departure almost a decade earlier.
In October 2006, R.E.M. was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility. The band was one of five nominees accepted into the Hall that year, and the induction ceremony took place in March 2007 at New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The group—which was inducted by Pearl Jam lead singer Eddie Vedder—performed three songs with Bill Berry; "Gardening at Night", "Man on the Moon×Man on the Moon16 November 1992 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Man on the Moon5:142Fruity Organ3:293New Orleans Instrumental #23:504Arms of Love3:34" and "Begin the Begin×Begin the Begin1993 · Album · LiveSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 15 tracks1If I Could Turn You Inside Out4:142Begin the Begin3:413Disturbance at the Heron House3:254King of Birds5:035Finest Worksong3:566I Believe4:377Crazy3:178Swan Swan H2:569Pop Song '893:0810Gravity5:2611Welcome to the Occupation2:4412Stand3:1313Exhuming McCarthy3:1114Perfect Circle3:5815Get Up2:40" as well as a cover of "I Wanna Be Your Dog".

Work on the group's fourteenth album commenced in early 2007. The band recorded with producer Jacknife Lee in Vancouver and Dublin, where it played five nights in the Olympia Theatre between June 30 and July 5 as part of a "working rehearsal". R.E.M. Live, the band's first live album (featuring songs from a 2005 Dublin show), was released in October 2007. The group followed this with the 2009 live album Live at The Olympia×Live at the Olympia26 September 2009 · Album · LiveSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 41 tracks · 3 discsDisc 11Living Well Is the Best Revenge4:082Second Guessing2:593Letter Never Sent3:524Staring Down the Barrel of the Middle Distance4:125Disturbance at the Heron House3:426Mr. Richards4:187Houston1:558New Test Leper5:269Cuyahoga4:2310Electrolite4:0411Man‐Sized Wreath3:0912So. Central Rain3:4513On the Fly5:0114Maps and Legends3:1015Sitting Still3:4316Driver 83:4517Horse to Water2:4618I’m Gonna DJ2:1719Circus Envy4:2820These Days4:53Disc 21Drive4:502Feeling Gravity’s Pull5:103Until the Day Is Done4:074Accelerate3:365Auctioneer (Another Engine)3:376Little America3:1271,000,0003:288Disguised3:199The Worst Joke Ever3:4310Welcome to the Occupation2:5011Carnival of Sorts4:0812Harborcoat4:1713Wolves, Lower4:3414I’ve Been High3:4115Kohoutek4:1216West of the Fields4:1417Pretty Persuasion4:2318Romance3:3219Gardening at Night4:17Disc 31This Is Not a Show: Live at the Olympia in Dublin2Menu / R.E.M. / This Is Not a Show, which features performances from its 2007 residency. R.E.M. released Accelerate in early 2008. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard charts, and became the band's eighth album to top the British album charts. Rolling Stone reviewer David Fricke considered Accelerate an improvement over the band's previous post-Berry albums, calling it "one of the best records R.E.M. have ever made".

In 2010, R.E.M. released the video album R.E.M. Live from Austin, TX—a concert recorded for Austin City Limits in 2008. The group recorded its fifteenth album, Collapse into Now×Collapse Into Now4 March 2011 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Discoverer3:312All the Best2:483Überlin4:154Oh My Heart3:215It Happened Today3:496Every Day Is Yours to Win3:267Mine Smell Like Honey3:138Walk It Back3:249Alligator_Aviator_Autopilot_Antimatter2:4510That Someone Is You1:4411Me, Marlon Brando, Marlon Brando and I3:0312Blue5:46 (2011), with Jacknife Lee in locales including Berlin, Nashville, and New Orleans. For the album, the band aimed for a more expansive sound than the intentionally short and speedy approach implemented on Accelerate. The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200, becoming the group's tenth album to reach the top ten of the chart. This release fulfilled R.E.M.'s contractual obligations to Warner Bros., and the band began recording material without a contract a few months later with the possible intention of self-releasing the work.
On September 21, 2011, R.E.M. announced via its website that it was "calling it a day as a band". Stipe said that he hoped fans realized it "wasn't an easy decision": "All things must end, and we wanted to do it right, to do it our way." Long-time associate and former Warner Bros. Senior Vice President of Emerging Technology Ethan Kaplan has speculated that shake-ups at the record label influenced the group's decision to disband. The group discussed breaking up for several years, but was encouraged to continue after the lackluster critical and commercial performance of Around the Sun; according to Mills, "We needed to prove, not only to our fans and critics but to ourselves, that we could still make great records." They were also uninterested in the business end of recording as R.E.M. The band members finished their collaboration by assembling the compilation album Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011, which was released in November 2011. The album is the first to collect songs from R.E.M.'s I.R.S. and Warner Bros. tenures, as well as three songs from the group's final studio recordings from post-Collapse into Now sessions. In November, Mills and Stipe did a brief run of promotional appearances in British media, denying that the group could ever reunite.

2011–present: Post-breakup releases and events

In 2014, Unplugged: The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions was released for Record Store Day. Download collections of I.R.S. and Warner Bros. rarities followed. Later in the year, R.E.M. compiled the video album box set REMTV, which collected their two Unplugged performances along with several other documentaries and live shows, while their record label released the box set 7IN—83–88, made up of 7-inch vinyl singles. In December 2015, the band members agreed to a distribution deal with Concord Bicycle Music to re-release their Warner Bros. albums.
In March 2016, R.E.M. signed a publishing administration deal with Universal Music Publishing Group. In March 2017, R.E.M. left Broadcast Music, Inc., who had represented their performance rights for their entire career, and joined SESAC. The first release under SESAC was the 2018 box set R.E.M. at the BBC, followed in 2019 by Live at the Borderline 1991 for Record Store Day. On March 24, 2020, Rieflin died of cancer.
In October 2019, during the presentation of his book of photographs in Rome, Stipe said: "I'm having dinner with Mike (Mills) just tomorrow night in London and I spoke to Peter (Buck) last night, we're good friends but R.E.M.'s time it's over, that's it".
In September 2021, a decade after disbanding, Stipe reiterated that R.E.M. had no intention of regrouping: "We decided when we split up that that would just be really tacky and probably money-grabbing, which might be the impetus for a lot of bands to get back together." In 2023, R.E.M. was nominated for induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and were inducted in June 2024. To mark this occasion, on June 13, 2024, all four founding members reunited for their first public live performance since 2007 and performed an acoustic rendition of "Losing My Religion×Losing My ReligionFebruary 1991 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Losing My Religion4:292Fretless4:513Losing My Religion (live acoustic version)4:384Rotary Eleven2:32" in New York City. They reunited for another live performance in February 2025, this time performing "Pretty Persuasion" at the 40 Watt Club in Athens, Georgia, with Michael Shannon and Jason Narducy.
In 2024, during their first interview as a foursome in 27 years, the band was asked what it would take for them to re-form. "A comet", replied Mills. "Superglue", added Berry. When asked why it would not happen, Buck stated, "It would never be as good."

Sound and songwriting process

R.E.M.'s music has been described as alternative rock, college rock, folk rock, jangle pop, post-punk, and new wave. In a 1988 interview, Peter Buck described R.E.M. songs as typically, "Minor key, mid-tempo, enigmatic, semi-folk-rock-balladish things. That's what everyone thinks and to a certain degree, that's true."
All songwriting is credited to the entire band, even though individual members are sometimes responsible for writing the majority of a particular song. Each member is given an equal vote in the songwriting process; however, Buck has conceded that Stipe, as the band's lyricist, can rarely be persuaded to follow an idea he does not favor. Among the original line-up, there were divisions of labor in the songwriting process: Stipe would write lyrics and devise melodies, Buck would edge the band in new musical directions, and Mills and Berry would fine-tune the compositions due to their greater musical experience. Regarding Buck's driven approach, Mills said: "Someone's got to drive the train, and we were all more than happy to have Peter be our motivator." Stipe added, addressing Buck: "There's a body of work that wouldn't be there had you not been pushing us as hard as you did."

Vocals and lyrics

Michael Stipe sings in what R.E.M. biographer David Buckley described as "wailing, keening, arching vocal figures". Stipe often harmonizes with Mills in songs; in the chorus for "Stand×Stand23 January 1989 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1Stand3:122Pop Song ’89 (acoustic version)2:593Skin Tight (live, Orlando, Florida 1989-04-30)2:03", Mills and Stipe alternate singing lyrics, creating a dialogue. Early articles about the band focused on Stipe's singing style (described as "mumbling" by The Washington Post), which often rendered his lyrics indecipherable. Creem writer John Morthland wrote in his review of Murmur, "I still have no idea what these songs are about, because neither me nor anyone else I know has ever been able to discern R.E.M.'s lyrics." Stipe commented in 1984, "It's just the way I sing. If I tried to control it, it would be pretty false." Producer Joe Boyd convinced Stipe to begin singing more clearly during the recording of Fables of the Reconstruction.
Stipe referred to the lyrics in the chorus of "Sitting Still" from R.E.M.'s debut album, Murmur×Murmur11 April 1983 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Radio Free Europe4:062Pilgrimage4:303Laughing3:594Talk About the Passion3:245Moral Kiosk3:326Perfect Circle3:317Catapult3:578Sitting Still3:1899–93:0510Shaking Through4:3011We Walk3:0212West of the Fields3:19, as "nonsense", saying in a 1994 online chat, "You all know there aren't words, per se, to a lot of the early stuff. I can't even remember them." In truth, Stipe carefully crafted the lyrics to many early R.E.M. songs. Stipe explained in 1984 that when he started writing lyrics they were like "simple pictures", but after a year he grew tired of the approach and "started experimenting with lyrics that didn't make exact linear sense, and it's just gone from there." In the mid-1980s, as Stipe's pronunciation while singing became clearer, the band decided that its lyrics should convey ideas on a more literal level. Mills explained, "After you've made three records and you've written several songs and they've gotten better and better lyrically the next step would be to have somebody question you and say, are you saying anything? And Michael had the confidence at that point to say yes . . ." Songs like "Cuyahoga" and "Fall on Me×Fall on Me14 July 1986 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracksAFall On Me2:49B1Rotary Ten2:00B2Toys In The Attic2:26" on Lifes Rich Pageant dealt with such concerns as pollution. Stipe incorporated more politically oriented concerns into his lyrics on Document and Green. "Our political activism and the content of the songs was just a reaction to where we were, and what we were surrounded by, which was just abject horror," Stipe said later. "In 1987 and '88 there was nothing to do but be active." Stipe has since explored other lyrical topics. Automatic for the People dealt with "mortality and dying. Pretty turgid stuff", according to Stipe, while Monster critiqued love and mass culture. Musically, Stipe stated that bands like T. Rex and Mott the Hoople "really impacted me".

Instrumentation

Peter Buck's style of playing guitar has been singled out by many as the most distinctive aspect of R.E.M.'s music. During the 1980s, Buck's "economical, arpeggiated, poetic" style reminded British music journalists of the Byrds. Buck has stated "[Byrds guitarist] Roger McGuinn was a big influence on me as a guitar player", but that Byrds-influenced bands including Big Star and the Soft Boys inspired him more. Comparisons were also made with the guitar playing of Johnny Marr of R.E.M.'s English contemporaries the Smiths. While Buck professed being a fan of the group, he admitted he initially criticized the band simply because he was tired of fans asking him if he was influenced by Marr, whose band had in fact made their debut after R.E.M. Buck generally eschews guitar solos; he explained in 2002, "I know that when guitarists rip into this hot solo, people go nuts, but I don't write songs that suit that, and I am not interested in that. I can do it if I have to, but I don't like it."
Mike Mills' melodic approach to bass playing was inspired by Paul McCartney of the Beatles and Chris Squire of Yes; Mills has said that "I always played a melodic bass, like a piano bass in some ways . . . I never wanted to play the traditional locked into the kick drum, root note bass work." Mills has more musical training than his bandmates, which he has said "made it easier to turn abstract musical ideas into reality."

Legacy and influence

R.E.M. was pivotal in the creation and development of the alternative rock genre and were one of the first college rock bands to achieve mainstream success. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that "R.E.M. mark the point when post-punk turned into alternative rock." In the early 1980s, the musical style of R.E.M. stood in contrast to the post-punk and new wave genres that had preceded it. Music journalist Simon Reynolds noted that the post-punk movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s "had taken whole swaths of music off the menu", particularly that of the 1960s, and that "After postpunk's demystification and New Pop's schematics, it felt liberating to listen to music rooted in mystical awe and blissed-out surrender." Reynolds declared R.E.M., a band that recalled the music of the 1960s with its "plangent guitar chimes and folk-styled vocals" and who "wistfully and abstractly conjured visions and new frontiers for America", one of "the two most important alt-rock bands of the day." With the release of Murmur, R.E.M. had the most impact musically and commercially of the developing alternative genre's early groups, leaving in its wake a number of jangle pop followers.
R.E.M.'s early breakthrough success served as an inspiration for other alternative bands. Spin referred to the "R.E.M. model"—career decisions that R.E.M. made that set guidelines for other underground artists to follow in their own careers. Spin's Charles Aaron wrote that by 1985, "They'd shown how far an underground, punk-inspired rock band could go within the industry without whoring out its artistic integrity in any obvious way. They'd figured out how to buy in, not sellout-in other words, they'd achieved the American Bohemian Dream." Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate said, "They invented a whole new ballgame for all of the other bands to follow whether it was Sonic Youth or the Replacements or Nirvana or Butthole Surfers. R.E.M. staked the claim. Musically, the bands did different things, but R.E.M. was first to show us you can be big and still be cool." Biographer David Buckley said that between 1991 and 1994, a period that saw the band sell an estimated 30 million albums, R.E.M. "asserted themselves as rivals to U2 for the title of biggest rock band in the world." Over the course of its career, the band has sold over 85 million records worldwide. Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums said that "their catalogue is destined to endure as critics reluctantly accept their considerable importance in the history of rock".
Numerous bands and artists have cited R.E.M. as an influence, including Nirvana, Pavement, Radiohead, Pearl Jam, Live, Collective Soul, Alice in Chains, Better Than Ezra, Liz Phair, and the Ocean Blue. Pavement's Bob Nastanovich said that "When I was 15 years old in Richmond, Virginia, they were a very important part of my life, as they were for all the members of our band." Pavement's contribution to the 1993 Red Hot Organization compilation No Alternative was "Unseen Power of the Picket Fence", a song which features references to R.E.M.'s early releases. According to their Twitter account, Local H created their name by combining the R.E.M. song titles "Oddfellows Local 151" and "Swan Swan H". Black Francis of Pixies described Murmur as "hugely influential" on his songwriting. Kurt Cobain of Nirvana was a fan of R.E.M., and had unfulfilled plans to collaborate on a musical project with Stipe. Cobain told Rolling Stone in a 1994 interview: "I don't know how that band does what they do. God, they're the greatest. They've dealt with their success like saints, and they keep delivering great music." The Radiohead singer, Thom Yorke, said that Radiohead "ripped off R.E.M. blind for years", and cited Stipe as his favorite lyricist. On November 3, 2023, the former Monkees member Micky Dolenz released an EP of R.E.M. cover songs.

Campaigning and activism

Throughout R.E.M.'s career, its members sought to highlight social and political issues. According to the Los Angeles Times, R.E.M. was considered to be one of the United States' "most liberal and politically correct rock groups." The band's members were "on the same page" politically, sharing a liberal and progressive outlook. Mills admitted that there was occasionally dissension between band members on what causes they might support, but acknowledged "Out of respect for the people who disagree, those discussions tend to stay in-house, just because we'd rather not let people know where the divisions lie, so people can't exploit them for their own purposes." An example is that in 1990 Buck noted that Stipe was involved with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, but the rest of the band were not.
R.E.M. helped raise funds for environmental, feminist and human rights causes, and were involved in campaigns to encourage voter registration. During the Green tour, Stipe spoke on stage to the audiences about a variety of socio-political issues. Through the late 1980s and 1990s, the band (particularly Stipe) increasingly used its media coverage on national television to mention a variety of causes it felt were important. One example is during the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards, Stipe wore a half-dozen white shirts emblazoned with slogans including "rainforest", "love knows no colors", and "handgun control now".
R.E.M. helped raise awareness of Aung San Suu Kyi and human rights violations in Myanmar, when they worked with the Freedom Campaign and the US Campaign for Burma. Stipe himself ran ads for the 1988 election, supporting Democratic presidential candidate and Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis over then-Vice President George H. W. Bush. In 2004, the band participated in the Vote for Change tour that sought to mobilize American voters to support Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry. R.E.M.'s political stance, particularly coming from a wealthy rock band under contract to a label owned by a multinational corporation, received criticism from former Q editor Paul Du Noyer, who criticized the band's "celebrity liberalism", saying, "It's an entirely pain-free form of rebellion that they're adopting. There's no risk involved in it whatsoever, but quite a bit of shoring up of customer loyalty."
From the late 1980s, R.E.M. was involved in the local politics of its hometown of Athens, Georgia. Buck explained to Sounds in 1987, "Michael always says think local and act local—we have been doing a lot of stuff in our town to try and make it a better place." The band often donated funds to local charities and helped renovate and preserve historic buildings in the town. R.E.M.'s political clout was credited with the narrow election of Athens mayor Gwen O'Looney twice in the 1990s. The band is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.
In 2025, the band released a remix of their 1983 hit "Radio Free Europe×Radio Free EuropeJuly 1981 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksARadio Free Europe3:35BSitting Still3:10" in support of the eponymous organization, which was facing severe budget cuts from the second presidency of Donald Trump.

Main members

Bill Berry – drums, percussion, backing vocals, occasional bass and keyboards (1980–1997, 2024, 2025; occasional concert appearances with the band 2003–2007)
Peter Buck – guitar, mandolin, banjo, occasional bass (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)
Mike Mills – bass guitar, keyboards, backing and lead vocals, occasional guitar (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)
Michael Stipe – lead vocals (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)

Non-musical members

Bertis Downs – attorney (1980–2011), manager (1996–2011)
Jefferson Holt – manager (1981–1996)
Several publications made by the band, such as album liner notes and fan club mailers, list Downs and Holt alongside the four founding band members.

Touring and session musicians

Buren Fowler – guitar (1986–1987; died 2014)
Peter Holsapple – guitar, bass, keyboards (1989–1992)
Scott McCaughey – guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, occasional bass (1994–2011)
Nathan December – guitar, percussion (1994–1995)
Joey Waronker – drums, percussion (1998–2002)
Barrett Martin – drums, percussion (1998)
Ken Stringfellow – keyboards, bass, backing vocals, occasional guitar (1998–2005)
Bill Rieflin – drums, percussion, occasional keyboards and guitar (2003–2011; died 2020)