Ratt

Biography

Ratt (stylized as RATT) was an American glam metal band that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as "Round and Round" and "Lay It Down×Lay It Down10 July 1985 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksALay It DownBGot Me on the Line", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as "Wanted Man×Wanted Man1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAWanted Man3:38BShe Wants Money3:03", "You're in Love×You're in Love1985 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAYou're in LoveBBetween the Eyes" and "Dance×Dance1986 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksADance4:17BTake a Chance4:00". Along with bands such as friendly rivals Mötley Crüe, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as "hair metal" or "pop metal".
The band toured and recorded sporadically from the 1990s to 2021, with many extended breaks and line-up changes. They released their final studio album, Infestation×Infestation23 March 2010 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Eat Me Up Alive4:132Best of Me4:193A Little Too Much4:054Look Out Below3:445Last Call3:556Lost Weekend3:467As Good as It Gets4:388Garden of Eden3:039Take a Big Bite2:4610Take Me Home4:2311Don't Let Go3:22, in April 2010.
In 2020, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included them in his list of "the 20 greatest hair metal bands of all time".

Early years (1973–1982)

The origins of Ratt date back to 1973 in Hollywood, with a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends. In 1974, the band broke up, with Pearcy forming Crystal Pystal. The name Crystal Pystal was changed to Mickey Ratt at some point in 1976. The name was shortened in 1977.
Guitarist Robbin Crosby in those same years had been a member of the bands Metropolis with Tommy Asakawa and Parramore McCarty, Xcalibur, Phenomenon, Secret Service and Mac Meda with Asakawa.
Mickey Ratt went through various lineup changes. Members included guitarists Jake E. Lee, Chris Hager, and Bob DeLellis, bassists Matt Thorr, Tim Garcia, and Dave Jellison, and drummers John Turner, and Bob Eisenberg. The various Mickey Ratt lineups released several demos, appeared on compilations and a live concert recording on Pearcy's indie imprint Top Fuel Records.
In 1980, to increase their chances of landing a recording contract with a major label, the band recorded a single called "Dr. Rock" / "Drivin' on E×Drivin' on E1980 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksADrivin' on E2:22BDoctor Rock2:40", which was given to fans at their early Los Angeles club shows.
Crosby played with the band later in the year. Guitarist Warren DeMartini, recommended by Lee, joined the band in January 1982. Bassist Gene Hunter (from Jake E. Lee's Teaser) and drummer Khurt Maier (who played drums on the early "Tell the World" written by Pearcy was their first recording that was featured on the compilation Metal Massacre I) temporarily played in Ratt before the arrival of Bobby Blotzer (ex-Vic Vergeat) and Juan Croucier (previously with Dokken, and musically active since 1973). DeMartini was only 18 years old when he was called up to Los Angeles to join Ratt. At the time he was attending college in San Diego and was reluctant to drop out to join a band that had, so far, had only limited success. Marq Torien briefly replaced DeMartini, though the latter returned in time for the recording of their first EP, later in 1982.
Pearcy has claimed that only a small number of bands had "really kickstarted things" on the Sunset Strip, naming Roxx Regime (later Stryper), Dante Fox (later Great White), W.A.S.P., Quiet Riot, Mötley Crüe, and Ratt as the core group.

Ratt EP, Out of the Cellar and Invasion of Your Privacy (1983–1985)

In July 1983, Ratt signed with the production company Time Coast Music. The company was run by the band's then-manager, Marshall Berle. Time Coast had previously issued records by Spirit and The Alley Cats.
Released in 1983, the band's self-titled EP sold over 100,000 records. The band grew in popularity on the Hollywood, L.A. club circuit, selling out multiple shows on weekends. Stephen Pearcy and Robbin Crosby co-wrote the band's first single, "You Think You're Tough×You Think You're Tough1983 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAYou Think You're Tough3:46BWalkin' the Dog3:36", which found its way onto local radio stations KLOS and KMET. The album cover featured guitarist Robbin Crosby's girlfriend at the time, Tawny Kitaen, who would later appear in Whitesnake's music videos.
The self-titled independent EP was well-received, and the band was signed by Atlantic Records. Ratt immediately started writing and recording their first full-length album. Out of the Cellar was released in March 1984 and was praised by both fans and critics. Pearcy's raspy yet bluesy vocals were noted for melding with the pyrotechnic guitar playing of twin leads Crosby and DeMartini, combining the then-prevalent Van Halen and Aerosmith-influenced bravado elements with the then-novel muted, staccato guitar-picking style of Judas Priest. Tawny Kitaen, who was previously in a relationship with Crosby, agreed to appear on the cover of their debut full-length album. She also appeared in their video for "Back for More" and on their EP from the previous year.
The album scored much radio and MTV play with songs like "Round and Round" (which peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and again in 2020 on the Billboard Rock Digital Sales Chart, peaking at No. 18 on June 4, 2020), "Wanted Man×Wanted Man1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAWanted Man3:38BShe Wants Money3:03", "Back for More", and "Lack of Communication×Lack of Communication1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksALack of Communication3:44BScene of a Crime4:57". The video for "Round and Round" was notable for its guest appearance by Marshall Berle's uncle, Milton Berle, in his Uncle Miltie drag character. Out of the Cellar became a commercial success, going platinum three times over in the United States and making Ratt stars at home and abroad. The album release was capped off by a successful world tour that saw the band sell out stadiums and arenas worldwide. Out of the Cellar is widely regarded as the band's best work and a definitive moment in 1980s heavy metal, while "Round and Round" scored at No. 61 on VH1's Greatest Hard Rock Songs Show.
The band's second full-length album, Invasion of Your Privacy×Invasion of Your Privacy25 July 1985 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1You’re in Love3:152Never Use Love3:563Lay It Down3:264Give It All3:215Closer to My Heart4:316Between the Eyes3:577What You Give Is What You Get3:488Got Me on the Line3:069You Should Know by Now3:2910Dangerous but Worth the Risk3:30, was released in July 1985. It peaked at No. 7 (which is the same peak position that Out of the Cellar attained). The album met with mostly positive reactions from fans and critics. AllMusic has called it "another batch of solid pop-metal tunes". It contained favorites "You're in Love×You're in Love1985 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAYou're in LoveBBetween the Eyes" (No. 89 Hot 100) and "Lay It Down×Lay It Down10 July 1985 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksALay It DownBGot Me on the Line" (which made No. 40 on the Hot 100) that assured the band a presence on radio and MTV. Footage from the band's performances at Hirsch Memorial Coliseum in Shreveport, Louisiana and the Mississippi Coast Coliseum in Biloxi, Mississippi were featured in the video to "You're In Love". DeMartini and Crosby's impressive guitar solos and Pearcy's sexual lyrics helped to further define the Ratt sound. Although it did not achieve the sales figures or the status of their debut, Invasion of Your Privacy nonetheless was certified double platinum (selling over two million copies only in the U.S.). The band toured extensively in the United States and Japan, playing a total of 112 shows. In August 1985, the band played on the Monsters of Rock festival in Castle Donington, England.
The model on Invasion's cover is Playboy Playmate Marianne Gravatte, who also made an appearance in the "Lay It Down" music video. Using a female model on an album cover later became a trend copied by many glam metal bands of the 1980s, including Great White and Slaughter. Invasion of Your Privacy was displayed by Parents Music Resource Center at a congressional hearing dealing with parental advisory labels.
A couple of months after the album release, the band released a home video entitled Ratt: The Video×The Video1985 · EPSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 5 tracks1Wanted Man2You Think You're Tough3Back for More4Round and Round5Lay It Down. The video featured the music videos from the Ratt EP, Out of the Cellar×Out of the Cellar1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1Wanted Man3:422You’re in Trouble3:213Round and Round4:264In Your Direction3:325She Wants Money3:066Lack of Communication3:547Back for More3:478The Morning After3:359I’m Insane2:5610Scene of the Crime5:00 and Invasion of Your Privacy. The video was the first commercially available video to achieve gold sales status in the USA; it eventually reached platinum.

Dancing Undercover and Reach for the Sky (1986–1989)

Ratt's next release was Dancing Undercover on August 9, 1986. The album was a relative disappointment with most music critics at the time of its release, as it took on a heavier sound than the ones on the previous albums. From a commercial standpoint however, the album kept Ratt's string of consecutive platinum albums alive, managing to sell over a million copies in the United States alone. Popular tracks generated by the album included "Dance×Dance1986 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksADance4:17BTake a Chance4:00" and "Slip of the Lip×Slip of the Lip1986 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksASlip of the Lip (vocal / LP version)3:15BSlip of the Lip (vocal / LP version)3:15".
In an effort to be taken more seriously, Ratt broke from the tradition of featuring a woman on the cover. Instead, they opted for gritty black-and-white portraits of each of the five band members. Likewise, the album does not contain a single power ballad amongst its ten tracks and even features experimental forays into thrashier and heavier sounds. The song that reflected this shift most strikingly was "Body Talk×Body Talk25 January 1987 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksABody TalkBSlip of the Lip", which was featured on the soundtrack for the 1986 Eddie Murphy film The Golden Child. The more straight-ahead style of the album led many fans to believe that Ratt was headed in a direction akin to the thrash style promulgated by then-current bands such as Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. However, the slightly experimental undertones of the album were replaced with a bluesier sound throughout the band's next three releases.
Through 1987, Ratt embarked on a U.S. tour with newcomers Poison and played in Europe as a part of the Monsters Of Rock Tour. Their tour with Poison was one of the highest-grossing tours of 1987.
Reach for the Sky was released in November 1988. Although the album achieved platinum sales status and reached No. 17 on Billboard's album charts, it was widely panned by critics. After this album, the band parted ways with long-time producer Beau Hill. Reach for the Sky nevertheless contained the popular tracks "Way Cool Jr.×Way Cool Jr.28 November 1988 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAWay Cool Jr.4:28BChain Reaction3:42" and "I Want a Woman×I Want a Woman1989 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAI Want a Woman3:56BWhat I'm After3:34", which received MTV airplay, and as of 2021, is the band's last album to be certified platinum. Ratt spent much of 1989 on a world tour in promotion of Reach for the Sky, with support from Great White, Warrant, Kix and Britny Fox.

Detonator, turmoil and hiatus (1990–1996)

Ratt's fifth album, Detonator×Detonator21 August 1990 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1War in D0:562Shame Shame Shame4:333Lovin’ You’s a Dirty Job3:154Scratch That Itch3:175One Step Away4:506Hard Time3:477Heads I Win, Tails You Lose3:598All or Nothing4:149Can’t Wait on Love4:0410Givin’ Yourself Away5:2611Top Secret3:50, was released in August 1990. Sir Arthur Payson took over as producer for the band following Reach for the Sky. The album garnered mixed reactions. Critics claimed it lacked the live-sounding energy of the band's earlier work, while some stated that the band was maturing and striving to expand their sound. Detonator featured "Givin' Yourself Away×Givin' Yourself Away1990 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Givin' Yourself Away5:26" and "Lovin' You's a Dirty Job×Lovin' You's a Dirty Job1990 · EPSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracksA1Lovin' You's a Dirty Job3:14A2Round and Round4:22B1Lay It Down3:23B2Wanted Man3:37". The band co-wrote most of the album's songs with Desmond Child while Jon Bon Jovi appeared as a guest background vocalist on "Heads I Win, Tails You Lose".
During the seven shows of the Japanese leg of the 'Detonator' tour in February 1991, Crosby's substance abuse caused his playing to become increasingly inconsistent onstage. During one particular show, after the band performed two songs using non-standard tuning, Crosby did not properly switch out guitars with his guitar technician; as a result, he was not in tune with the band for the next two songs. The last show of the band's Japanese tour, in Osaka, turned out to be Crosby's last with Ratt. When the band returned to the United States, Crosby again checked into a rehab facility and Ratt continued on with Michael Schenker, formerly of Scorpions, UFO, Michael Schenker Group, and McAuley Schenker Group.
In February 1992, Pearcy exited the group to form a new band called Arcade. He moved on to Vicious Delite in 1995 and the industrial-tinged Vertex in 1996.
Robbin Crosby started Secret Service, which included bassist Krys Baratto (from Samantha 7, Juice 13, The Oddfathers). In 1993, Crosby performed on Rumbledog's self-titled debut album.

First reunion and self-titled album (1996–2000)

In 1996, the five classic-era members of Ratt began discussing a reunion and a subsequent album. Ratt eventually moved forward with a lineup of Pearcy, DeMartini and Blotzer, along with new member Robbie Crane (formerly of Vince Neil's solo band and Pearcy's Vertex tour) on bass. When the band toured in 1997, they were a four-piece; Pearcy occasionally played guitar during this tour.
The band issued a compilation album called Collage×Collage22 July 1997 · Album · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Steel River4:192Dr. Rock3:513Diamond Time Again3:404Ratt Madness2:325Hold Tight4:216I Want It All3:527Mother Blues3:028Top Secret (original version)4:419Take It Anyway2:3310Lovin' You's a Dirty Job (Fonic mix LP version)6:3211She's Got Everything4:00 in July 1997, which consisted of B-sides, alternate recordings, and new versions of songs from the Mickey Ratt period. In 1998, Ratt secured a worldwide record deal with Sony. The self-titled Ratt album, released in July 1999, featured new material with a more conventional blues rock feel. The album's first single, "Over the Edge×Over the Edge1999 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Over the Edge", did graze the Top 40 Mainstream Rock charts.

Two versions of Ratt and death of Robbin Crosby (2000–2006)

In 1999, Ratt added Keri Kelli as a second guitarist. In January 2000, Pearcy left the group again and went on tour with his band Nitronic, which soon after became "Ratt Featuring Stephen Pearcy". He was replaced by former Love/Hate vocalist Jizzy Pearl as new lead vocalist.
In 2001, former guitarist Robbin Crosby publicly announced that he was HIV-positive. He died on June 6, 2002, from a heroin overdose. He was 42 years old.
On May 11, 2006, Ratt was profiled on VH1's Behind the Music.
During the group's inactive years, present-day and former members continued to work on their own side projects.

Second reunion (2006–2008)

On December 1, 2006, the website "Metal Sludge" reported that Pearcy and Croucier would re-unite with Blotzer and DeMartini. On December 4, 2006, Jizzy Pearl announced on his message board that he was no longer a member of the band. On March 17, 2007, another website stated that Ratt would go on the 2007 tour with Poison and Great White. Later that month, Blabbermouth.net reported that Ratt would take part in the "Rocklahoma" festival on July 13–15, 2007 in Pryor, Oklahoma, with original singer Stephen Pearcy and without Juan Croucier, who decided not to participate in the reunion tour. Robbie Crane continued to play bass instead.
The summer tour started June 13, 2007, at the Bi Lo Center in Greenville, S.C., and ended August 19, 2007, at the Coors Amphitheatre in Denver. The tour, which brought Poison and Ratt onstage together for the first time since 1999, visited amphitheaters, festivals and fairs in such cities as Boston, Detroit, New York, Atlantic City and Los Angeles.
In August 2008, Sirius Satellite Radio's Hair Nation channel reported that former Mötley Crüe singer John Corabi had resigned as rhythm guitarist for Ratt and was rumored to be replaced by former Quiet Riot guitarist Carlos Cavazo. Bobby Blotzer confirmed these rumors stating that Cavazo was set to replace Corabi and would make his debut with the band on August 27. His first show with Ratt was in Baton Rouge, LA.

Infestation and hiatus (2009–2011)

In April 2009 Loud & Proud/Roadrunner Records announced the signing of a worldwide deal with Ratt. The label was managed by Tom Lipsky who had run CMC International before. Their new album, Infestation×Infestation23 March 2010 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 11 tracks1Eat Me Up Alive4:132Best of Me4:193A Little Too Much4:054Look Out Below3:445Last Call3:556Lost Weekend3:467As Good as It Gets4:388Garden of Eden3:039Take a Big Bite2:4610Take Me Home4:2311Don't Let Go3:22, was released in April 2010. Infestation reached No. 30 on Billboard's Top 200 chart. A video was filmed for the album's first single, "Best of Me×Best of Me2 February 2010 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Best of Me4:18", and the band went on a world tour in support of the album.
In a March 18, 2010, interview with Metalholic Magazine, DeMartini said of the new album Infestation: "It really exceeded our expectations. Conceptually we kinda wanted to revisit the period of Out of the Cellar and Invasion of Your Privacy. We were sort of loosely trying to shoot for something that could fit between those two records. We were looking for more uptempo ideas and the double leads that Robbin Crosby and I started doing back in 1983."
On October 26, 2010, Ratt announced that the band would be going on indefinite hiatus due to internal tensions.

Reunion with Croucier and second departure of Pearcy (2012–2015)

In January 2012, Pearcy said Ratt was in the process of writing material for a new album, planned to be released that summer. On March 22, bassist Robbie Crane announced his departure from Ratt to focus on Lynch Mob. In April 2012, rumors arose original bassist Juan Croucier would rejoin the band that summer; these rumors were confirmed when Croucier played with Ratt at the M3 festival on May 12.
On April 24, 2014, Pearcy announced that he had left the band again, explaining he was "officially done with having anything to do with them due to the constant turmoil, unresolved business, personal attacks/threats in the public forum, and most of all, the disrespect to the fans."

Legal issues and two versions of Ratt again (2015–2018)

In June 2015, Blotzer formed a band called Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience. In August 2015, Croucier formed a touring band that played Ratt's deep cuts, with the band debuting in September. Within days, Blotzer criticized Croucier for using the band's logo, arguing trademark infringement.
In September 2015, Blotzer took over control of WBS, a company he set up with DeMartini and Pearcy in 1997 to handle Ratt business, over the objection of DeMartini and announced that he had "taken control" of Ratt and his Ratt Experience lineup was the real Ratt and would be embarking a tour in 2016 titled the American Made Re-Invasion Tour. Within days, DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the band name. but Blotzer claimed he has the legal right to do so on his behalf. In October 2015, DeMartini sued Blotzer for allegedly falsely advertising his "tribute band" as the actual band. On November 5, 2015, the Los Angeles federal court rejected DeMartini's claim.
Blotzer toured using the name Ratt until early 2017. The 2016 Re-Invasion tour took Ratt throughout North America. Their tour also took them to the UK, including Hard Rock Hell and London. During this time, Blotzer used WBS to sue the band's original bassist, Juan Croucier, for trademark infringement. On November 8, 2016, the Court granted summary judgment against WBS and in favor of Croucier, finding that the trademark rights had never properly been transferred to WBS and thus were still held by the RATT Partnership under its 1985 partnership agreement. Blotzer sued Pearcy for trademark infringement in a separate lawsuit, but that lawsuit also failed.
On November 29, 2016, Pearcy, Croucier and DeMartini announced that they had expelled Blotzer from the Ratt partnership and announced their own Back for More Tour.
Despite adverse court decisions, Blotzer continued to tour as Ratt with his band, claiming the right to do so because final judgment had not yet been entered in the cases.
In June 2017, judgment was finally entered in the Croucier case, and Blotzer's WBS filed an appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In May 2018, the Ratt partnership filed suit against Blotzer and WBS for trademark infringement for continuing to perform as Ratt after February 2016, when it was adjudicated that WBS had no rights in the Ratt trademarks and Blotzer was expelled from the partnership. In March 2019, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court judgment in favor of Croucier and sent the case back to the district court to determine whether WBS and its counsel should be liable for Croucier's attorneys' fees.

Ratt's "New Breed" and unknown future (2018–current)

On June 1, 2018, it was announced by vocalist Pearcy that Ratt would move forward with him and bassist Croucier. It was confirmed that DeMartini had departed from Ratt, with Cavazo and Degrasso following. On July 5, 2018, it was revealed that Pearcy and Croucier would be joined by Black 'N Blue drummer Pete Holmes and guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders. In February 2020, guitarist Chris Sanders announced his departure from the band, along with announcing his retirement from the music industry.
In March 2020, the band announced they would be embarking on the Big Rock Summer Tour starting in June, along with Tom Keifer, Skid Row, and Slaughter. On June 17, the tour was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly after, it was announced that all Ratt shows in 2020 were rescheduled for 2021. On September 11, Pearcy announced that new music from the band would not be released until 2021.
In January 2021, Pearcy expressed interest in making one final Ratt album with all the remaining original members. On June 26, Ratt announced the addition of guitarist Frankie Lindia of David Lee Roth's solo band, replacing Chris Sanders.
In September 2022, Pearcy revealed that he would only want to continue Ratt with the remaining classic-era bandmates, but that "it's not gonna happen". He said reuniting with the members would be "all business pretty much", but that "there's no business in the Ratt camp". He also revealed he regretted touring as Ratt with only Croucier from the classic lineup and that he would be continuing to play Ratt songs with his solo band.
In March 2024, it was announced Croucier would be touring in the summer playing the band's classic songs as "Juan Croucier – The Other Voice of Ratt". In January 2025, Pearcy and DeMartini announced they would reunite as a duo for the M3 Rock Festival, alongside guitarist Cavazo, bassist Matt Thorr (early Ratt, Rough Cutt), and drummer Blas Elias (ex-Slaughter). This show is not under the name Ratt, with Pearcy saying it's about the music. It will also not include Blotzer or Croucier. The duo played their first show on 5 April.

Musical style and legacy

Ratt were a glam metal, heavy metal and hard rock act.AllMusic described their musical style as "brash, melodic" heavy metal. The band's songwriting made prominent use of hooks that drew influence from pop.
In 2004, Guitar World wrote that, "Back in 1984, Ratt were briefly tipped to be become the Aerosmith of the eighties. Then the real Aerosmith reunited and claimed the title for themselves. At the time, though, [Warren] DeMartini seemed like a good bet to become the next Joe Perry: a somewhat reserved individual off-stage and on, he preferred to let his guitar do the talking, and his sleazy arpeggios and machine-gun solos lent hits like 'Round and Round' and 'Lay It Down×Lay It Down10 July 1985 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksALay It DownBGot Me on the Line' much of their metallic bite."

Members

Classic line-up
Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals (1976–1992, 1996–2000, 2006–2014, 2016–2021)
Warren DeMartini – guitar, backing vocals (1981–1992, 1996–2014, 2016–2018)
Robbin Crosby – guitar, backing vocals (1981–1991; died 2002)
Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals (1982–1992, 2012–2014, 2016–2021)
Bobby Blotzer – drums, percussion (1982–1992, 1996–2014)