Alphaville

Biography

Alphaville is a German synth-pop band formed in Münster in 1982. They gained popularity in the 1980s. The group was founded by singer Marian Gold and musicians Bernhard Lloyd and Frank Mertens. They achieved chart success with the singles "Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55", "Big in Japan×Big in JapanJanuary 1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Big in Japan (extended remix)7:182Big in Japan (extended instrumental)5:59", "Sounds Like a Melody×Sounds Like a Melody17 May 1984 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksASounds Like a Melody4:29BThe Nelson Highrise (Sector One: The Elevator)3:14", "The Jet Set", and "Dance with Me×Dance With Me1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Dance With Me3:542The Nelson Highrise Sector 2: The Mirror3:42". Gold remains the only continuous original member of Alphaville. They took their name from Jean-Luc Godard's 1965 film Alphaville.

Formation

Alphaville was formed after lead singer Marian Gold and Bernhard Lloyd met in West Berlin in 1981. The pair were heavily influenced by UK indie acts like Tubeway Army, Gary Numan and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. Gold had written "Big in Japan×Big in JapanJanuary 1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Big in Japan (extended remix)7:182Big in Japan (extended instrumental)5:59" in 1979 after hearing the music of Holly Johnson's band Big in Japan. They first named their band 'Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55' and subsequently changed it to 'Alphaville' after the 1965 science fiction film. Together the three (Gold, Lloyd, and Frank Mertens) wrote and recorded "Forever Young" as a demo. The first Alphaville concert took place on 31 December 1982 in Enger, Westphalia.
In 1984, the newly renamed Alphaville released their debut single, "Big in Japan". In the early years, Gold said that "none of us could really play an instrument. The music was in our heads, but we were dependent on synthesizers and drum machines and things like that. ... The equipment we had at that time was basically toys – the cheapest monophonic synthesizers you could imagine. We had a little studio in a basement, made a couple of demos and sent them to some record companies to try to get a deal. We didn't have much hope, but we had three offers and from that moment everything happened very fast."

Forever Young (1984)

In autumn 1984, they released their debut album, Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55, produced by Colin Pearson, Wolfgang Loos and Andreas Budde.
"Big in Japan×Big in JapanJanuary 1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Big in Japan (extended remix)7:182Big in Japan (extended instrumental)5:59" topped the charts in West Germany, Greece, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, Venezuela, and the US Billboard Dance Chart (the group's only Top 10 on any Billboard chart). The single also reached the Top Five in the Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Ireland and South Africa. It became the group's only Top 20 single in the UK, peaking at No. 8.
The band's next two singles, "Sounds Like a Melody×Sounds Like a Melody17 May 1984 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksASounds Like a Melody4:29BThe Nelson Highrise (Sector One: The Elevator)3:14" and "Forever Young", were also both European Top 5 successes, although the former track failed to make an impression on the American charts.
Amid reports that pop star Laura Branigan was featuring the song on her next album, Hold Me, Alphaville's "Forever Young" was re-released as a single in the US. The Alphaville version was released a third time in the US in 1988, to promote Alphaville: The Singles Collection, and peaked at No. 65, their highest charting (and also last) single on the Billboard Hot 100.
Despite the success of the album and its singles, the band did not tour. Said Gold, "we didn't feel we were good enough musicians [to tour]. These days it wouldn't be a problem to go out and play with tracks, but at that time it was really complicated. We didn't feel like we were performers. We felt more like we were studio rats. The studio felt like a safe environment. So, much to the annoyance of our manager, we didn't play [live] very much."
Despite their commercial success in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, Alphaville has never performed live in the UK. Soon after the success of the album, Mertens left the band in December 1984. He was replaced in January 1985 by Ricky Echolette on keyboard and guitar.
In a 2022 interview, Marian Gold said it is "a bit of a shock" when he hears "Forever Young" playing when he is in an elevator or at the supermarket.
In 2024, Alphaville's single "Forever Young" reached number 1 on the TikTok Billboard Top 50 chart, 40 years after its original release. The success of the song reaching No. 1 on the charts was linked to its popularity on the social media app TikTok. "Forever Young" remained at number 1 for ten weeks in 2024.

Afternoons in Utopia (1986)

In 1986, their second album, Afternoons in Utopia×Afternoons in Utopia5 June 1986 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 13 tracks1IAO0:432Fantastic Dream3:573Jerusalem4:114Dance With Me4:015Afternoons in Utopia3:066Sensations4:26720th Century1:248The Voyager4:389Carol Masters4:3310Universal Daddy4:0111Lassie Come Home7:0712Red Rose4:1013Lady Bright - Faster Than Light0:42, was released and its first single "Dance With Me×Dance With Me1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Dance With Me3:542The Nelson Highrise Sector 2: The Mirror3:42" was a Top 20 hit in Germany, Spain, France, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa and in remix form on the US Hot Maxi Singles chart. It reached the Top 30 in Austria, Italy and in the US Club Play chart. The album's second single was "Universal Daddy×Universal DaddyNovember 1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAUniversal Daddy (Aquarian dance mix)6:16BNext Generation3:57". For their third single, the band released "Jerusalem×Jerusalem21 November 1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksAJerusalem3:45BVingt Mille Lieues Sous Les Mers (Incl. The Nelson Highrise Sector 3: The Garage)5:00" in Germany only, while they went with "Sensations×Sensations1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksASensations (Remix)3:58BVingt Mille Lieues Sous Les Mers5:00" for Austria, France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. The final single from Afternoons in Utopia was "Red Rose×Red Rose14 April 1987 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracksARed Rose (the remix)7:53B1Red Rose (dub mix)5:06B2Concrete Soundtraxx for Imaginary Films I6:46", in 1987.

The Breathtaking Blue (1989)

Their third album in 1989, The Breathtaking Blue×The Breathtaking Blue4 March 1989 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracksA1Summer Rain4:10A2Romeos5:29A3She Fades Away4:57A4The Mysteries of Love4:55A5Ariana3:42B1Heaven or Hell3:27B2For a Million6:09B3Middle of the Riddle3:19B4Patricia’s Park4:12B5Anyway2:48, included the singles "Romeos×Romeos1989 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1Romeos8:372Headlines4:143Romeos5:29" and "Mysteries of Love×Mysteries of Love1989 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracksA1Mysteries Of Love (7'' German Mix)3:36A2Mysteries Of Love (12'' German Mix)7:57B1Mysteries Of Love (LP Version With Sax)4:56B2Like Thunder4:51" and was released as a CD+G, including black & white stills with original lyrics and German translation. As an alternative to individual music videos, the band enlisted nine directors, among them Godfrey Reggio (Koyaanisqatsi), to create a film entitled Songlines based on the album's tracks.

Prostitute (1994)

The next album, Prostitute×Prostitute26 August 1994 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 16 tracks1The Paradigm Shift3:482Fools3:563Beethoven5:394Ascension Day5:475The Impossible Dream4:566Parade3:407Ain’t It Strange5:228All in the Golden Afternoon3:419Oh Patti1:4510Ivory Tower3:1711Faith3:5612Iron John3:4413The One Thing3:5614Some People4:4115Euphoria7:0616Apollo6:10, was not released until 1994. The first single released was "Fools×FoolsJuly 1994 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 4 tracks1Fools3:542Fools (Seven Seals)3:593Fools (Faithful & True)4:164Fools (twelve inch)5:45", followed by the second and last single from the album, "The Impossible Dream×The Impossible DreamDecember 1994 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 3 tracks1The Impossible Dream3:452All in the Golden Afternoon3:493The Impossible Dream (projection mix)3:56". During the tour for this album Robbie France briefly joined the band on drums. In 1997, after the band went to record their next album, Echolette left the band because he decided to spend time with his family.

Salvation (1997)

Salvation followed in 1997. A limited edition box-set, Dreamscapes, was issued in 1999. In 2000 Stark Naked and Absolutely Live was released. In 2001, the remix album Forever Pop×Forever Pop22 October 2001 · Album · RemixSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 13 tracks1Forever Young (F.A.F. mix)4:582Dance With Me (Paul van Dyk mix)3:553Big in Japan (Roland Spremberg mix)3:424Romeos (Rewarped mix)4:345Summer Rain (De-Phazz mix)4:216Jerusalem (Georg Kaleve mix)4:397Summer in Berlin (Christian Fleps mix)3:458Sounds Like a Melody (Staggman mix)7:529Lassie Come Home (@home-mix)4:5410Jet Set (Saunaclub mix)4:5511A Victory of Love (Jab mix)4:3012Red Rose (Mark Plati mix)5:4013Big in Japan (Eiffel 65 mix) / Jerusalem (Georg Kaleve mix 2)14:24 and a DVD entitled Little America of two concerts performed in Salt Lake City, Utah. Bernhard Lloyd did not contribute to the second limited edition box-set, the 2003 CrazyShow, and shortly after its release on 18 March 2003, he officially left the group; however, he stays in contact with Gold. The core stage members of Alphaville then were Gold and new recruits, Martin Lister (keyboards), David Goodes (guitars) and Jakob Kiersch (drums).

Catching Rays on Giant (2010)

On 19 November 2010 the album Catching Rays on Giant×Catching Rays on Giant16 November 2010 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 12 tracks1Song for No One3:312I Die for You Today3:473End of the World3:584The Things I Didn’t Do4:405Heaven on Earth (The Things We’ve Got to Do)4:446The Deep4:237Call Me3:468Gravitation Breakdown4:159Carry Your Flag4:5310Call Me Down4:3011Phantoms3:3912Miracle Healing5:04, the first commercial studio album in 13 years was released and entered the German album charts at number 9 in its first week. The touring musicians became members of the band at this point. The second single from the album was the track, "Song for No One×Song for No One1 March 2011 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Song for No One3:312Unplugged Medley16:08", released on 4 March 2011. The band held an album release party, where they played a short unplugged set, at the Quasimodo Club in Berlin on the evening of 18 November 2010 to which their closest fans and friends were invited. The album featured band member Martin Lister on lead vocals for the track, "Call Me Down". In 2011 Maja Kim joined the band on bass.
The first single and album releases were available at first only in Germany and through online shops and download platforms in German-speaking countries. The first single from album was titled "I Die for You Today×I Die for You Today22 October 2010 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1I Die for You Today3:472I Die for You Today (acoustic version)3:34", available as a digital download on 8 October 2010, released in CD format on 22 October 2010. It entered the German charts at number 15 in its first week of release and stayed in the top 100 for 8 weeks. In March 2011 Alphaville toured the album across Germany and had signed a new deal with the Universal Music Group.
On 21 May 2014, Martin Lister died unexpectedly, announced by the band via their Facebook page and Yahoo mailing list, a few days later. He was replaced by Carsten Brocker. In 2016, bassist Maja Kim left to follow new challenges, with the position filled by Alexandra Merl.

Strange Attractor (2017)

Strange Attractor was released on 7 April 2017 after an extremely long production time, with a video for the single "Heartbreak City×Heartbreak City10 March 2017 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Heartbreak City3:46". In August 2017, they performed a Concert Tour in Houston, New York City, Chicago, and San Jose and Burbank, California.

2018–present: Collaboration and Eternally Yours

For the 35th anniversary of the group in 2018, Alphaville held a concert on 25 and 26 May at the Whisky A Go-Go club in Los Angeles, California. In 2019, the LA Concert Group issued a limited box set recording of this show containing five CDs, two DVDs and two Blu-ray discs.
In 2021, Alphaville teamed up with Schiller and released a new version of "Summer in Berlin×Summer in Berlin5 February 2021 · Single · RemixSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 1 track1Summer in Berlin4:00" as Schiller x Alphaville.
On 7 February 2022, Gold announced a symphonic album of Alphaville songs to be released by the end of 2022, supported by the release of three singles over the course of the year. "Big in Japan×Big in JapanJanuary 1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Big in Japan (extended remix)7:182Big in Japan (extended instrumental)5:59" was released on 29 April as the first song from the album. On 11 June, "Sounds Like a Melody×Sounds Like a Melody17 May 1984 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracksASounds Like a Melody4:29BThe Nelson Highrise (Sector One: The Elevator)3:14" was released as the second song from the album, now titled Eternally Yours×Eternally Yours23 September 2022 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 23 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11Dream Machine4:472Summer in Berlin5:183Big in Japan5:184Dance With Me5:315Summer Rain4:216Apollo6:217Elegy5:508Lassie Come Home7:249Moongirl5:0510Welcome to the Sun5:35Disc 21A Victory of Love4:402Sounds Like a Melody4:323Around the Universe4:254Eternally Yours6:595Diamonds Are Forever3:116Flame3:527Forever Young5:088Big in Japan (Bassroque version)3:449Sounds Like a Melody (Chamber version)4:2910Forever Young (“Petite”)3:5811Big in Japan (single edit)3:5912Sounds Like a Melody (single edit)3:3313Forever Young (single edit)3:59. "Dance With Me×Dance With Me1986 · SingleSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Dance With Me3:542The Nelson Highrise Sector 2: The Mirror3:42" was revealed to be the third song on 27 July, as part of a podcast presented by Gold and his daughter Lily Becker. Eternally Yours released on 23 September 2022, containing new symphonic versions of sixteen Alphaville songs, plus a new song also titled "Eternally Yours".
On 27 September 2024, a compilation album titled Forever! Best of 40 Years×FOREVER! Best Of 40 Years27 September 2024 · Album · CompilationSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 40 tracks · 3 discsDisc 11Big In Japan (Single Version)3:552Fools3:563The Mysteries Of Love (7" Remix Edit)3:344Jerusalem (Single Version)3:455A Victory Of Love4:176Summer Rain4:117Dance With Me (Symphonic Version)5:318Sounds Like A Melody (Single Version)4:329I Die For You Today3:4710Universal Daddy4:0111Inside Out5:1912Forever Young3:4613Flame3:51Disc 21Sounds Like A Melody (Special Long Version)7:452Dance With Me8:143Wishful Thinking (Radiomix Turbobeat)4:014The Jet Set3:535Heartbreak City3:466Monkey In The Moon3:537The Impossible Dream (Single Version)3:438She Fades Away4:599Summer In Berlin4:4610Welcome To The Sun3:1211Lassie Come Home7:0212Eternally Yours (Symphonic Version)6:59Disc 31Forever Young (Special Dance Version)6:122Romeo (Single Version)4:063Red Rose (7" Remix)4:364Dance With Me4:005Fallen Angel3:576Seeds3:197Heaven On Earth (The Things We've Got To Do)4:448Next Generation3:589Iron John3:4510For A Million6:1011Summer In Berlin (Symphonic Version)5:1812Fantastic Dream3:5713Song For No One3:3114Apollo6:1115A Handful Of Darkness7:49 was released to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the group's breakthrough. The compilation consisted of three CDs, and contained songs from all of the group's studio albums including Eternally Yours.
On August 6th, Alphaville‘s split with their drummer Jakob Kiersch was announced, his replacement being Patrick Metzger.

Projects

Gold has released two solo albums (So Long Celeste, 1992, and United, 1996, both mixing personal creations and covers), alongside his work in the band.
Lloyd also worked on a project named Atlantic Popes with singer Max Holler, releasing a 13-track CD.
Alphaville participated in Night of the Proms in 2002, performing "Big in Japan×Big in JapanJanuary 1984 · SingleSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 2 tracks1Big in Japan (extended remix)7:182Big in Japan (extended instrumental)5:59" and "Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55". Gold also contributed to a group performance of "Let It Be" with other performers at the event.
On 25–26 May 2018, Alphaville and Marian Gold played two nights at the Whisky a Go Go club in Hollywood. The two concerts were also live streamed.
On 15 March 2019, the album Forever Young was remastered for the 35th anniversary.
On 7 May 2021, the albums "Afternoons in Utopia×Afternoons in Utopia5 June 1986 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 13 tracks1IAO0:432Fantastic Dream3:573Jerusalem4:114Dance With Me4:015Afternoons in Utopia3:066Sensations4:26720th Century1:248The Voyager4:389Carol Masters4:3310Universal Daddy4:0111Lassie Come Home7:0712Red Rose4:1013Lady Bright - Faster Than Light0:42" and "The Breathtaking Blue×The Breathtaking Blue4 March 1989 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracksA1Summer Rain4:10A2Romeos5:29A3She Fades Away4:57A4The Mysteries of Love4:55A5Ariana3:42B1Heaven or Hell3:27B2For a Million6:09B3Middle of the Riddle3:19B4Patricia’s Park4:12B5Anyway2:48" was remastered after the successful reissue of the album Forever Young.
To support the upcoming release of the symphonic album Eternally Yours×Eternally Yours23 September 2022 · Studio albumSpotify (search)YouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 23 tracks · 2 discsDisc 11Dream Machine4:472Summer in Berlin5:183Big in Japan5:184Dance With Me5:315Summer Rain4:216Apollo6:217Elegy5:508Lassie Come Home7:249Moongirl5:0510Welcome to the Sun5:35Disc 21A Victory of Love4:402Sounds Like a Melody4:323Around the Universe4:254Eternally Yours6:595Diamonds Are Forever3:116Flame3:527Forever Young5:088Big in Japan (Bassroque version)3:449Sounds Like a Melody (Chamber version)4:2910Forever Young (“Petite”)3:5811Big in Japan (single edit)3:5912Sounds Like a Melody (single edit)3:3313Forever Young (single edit)3:59 in 2022, Gold and his daughter Lily Becker began a podcast discussing Alphaville songs and the album.

Political activism

In 2026, Alphaville's management objected to the band's songs being played on "Austria First", the radio station of the Austrian far-right FPÖ party, stating they would take legal action against it if possible. The band also distanced themselves from the use of its songs by Germany's AfD party, although they had been unable to stop this through legal means.
In April 2026, they objected to their song "Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55" being used by US President Donald Trump. On Truth Social, he uploaded an AI generated video with their song as background music.
Alphaville's singer Marian Gold stated on Instagram:

[...] As we, the band Alphaville, do not in any way agree with Trump's political views and, in fact, largely abhor them, we will ensure that this post is removed from the internet immediately. [...]

Legacy

Alphaville's song "Forever Young×Forever Young27 September 1984 · Studio albumSpotifyYouTube Music (search)Tracklist · 10 tracks1A Victory of Love4:172Summer in Berlin4:483Big in Japan4:434To Germany With Love4:155Fallen Angel3:576Forever Young3:497In the Mood4:338Sounds Like a Melody4:459Lies3:3410The Jet Set4:55" was featured in the movie Listen to Me (1989) featuring Kirk Cameron in one of his first film roles. "Forever Young" was played in a high school prom-related scene in the 2004 film Napoleon Dynamite. "Forever Young" was also featured in the Canadian movie 1987 (2014), as well as a 2014 episode of Regular Show, Skip's Story.
In 2006, Australian guitar band Youth Group took their remake of "Forever Young" to No. 1 in the Official Australian Chart.
"Young Forever" is the fourth single by American hip hop rapper Jay-Z from his album The Blueprint 3 on the Roc Nation label. It is a mild rework of Alphaville's 1984 song "Forever Young": the original melody is retained, Mr Hudson sings the original lyrics (primarily during the chorus), and Jay-Z raps in place of the verses.
In 2024, Alphaville's single "Forever Young" gained popularity on the social media app TikTok, 40 years after the song's release. "Forever Young" gained so much popularity via the app, that the song reached No. 1 on the TikTok Billboard Top 50 chart in October 2024. TikTok was widely credited for the gain in popularity of the song in 2024.

Current members

Marian Gold – lead vocals (1982–present)
Carsten Brocker – keyboards, drum programming (2014–present)
Alexandra Merl – bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2016–present)
Lars Kutschke – guitars (2025–present)
Patrick Metzger – drums (2026–present)

Former members

Bernhard Lloyd – keyboards, guitars (1982–2003; not touring 1996–1999, 2000–2003)
Frank Mertens – keyboards (1982–1984)
Ricky Echolette – keyboards, guitars (1985–1997; not touring 1995–1997)
Martin Lister – keyboards, backing vocals (2003–2014; touring 1995–2003; died 2014)
David Goodes – guitars (2003–2025; touring 1995–1998)
Pierson Grange – drums (2003–2009; touring 1998–1999, 2002–2003)
Jakob Kiersch – drums (2009–2026)
Maja Kim – bass guitar (2011–2016)

Touring musicians

Elisabeth Markstein – backing vocals (2023–present)
Ulrike Weidemüller – backing vocals (2023–present)

Former touring musicians

Rudy Nielson – guitars (1993–1995)
Hans-Joachim Behrendt – drums (1993–1995; died 2023)
Alex Slavik – bass guitar (1995–1997)
Robbie France – drums (1995–1997; died 2012)
James Mack – drums (1997)
Rob Harris – guitars, backing vocals (1998–2000)
Shane Meehan – drums, percussion (1999–2001)
Christian Marsac – guitars (2000–2003)