Photo: Renzo Cinti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · credits
Tier 2 · legacy legendfull biography
Franco Alfano
Person · male · Italy · Naples · born 1875 · died 1954 · recording since 2002
Italian composer and pianist (1875-1954)
official homepagedatabasedatabasedatabase
Also known as 阿爾法諾
Timeline
13 events▣ Album 10◦ Birth 1† Death 1★ Debut release 1
1870s
1950s
2000s
· Debut release
Debut release: Cyrano De Bergerac
First documented Album in the MusicBrainz discography.
source: musicbrainz
2010s
2020s
· Album
Album: Quatre Pièces, op. 2 / Quatre Pièces, op. 11 / Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14 / Quatre Pièces lyriques, op. 16 / Trois Pièces lyriques, op. 24 / Amour... amour... (valse) / Petite Mazurka
Album
source: musicbrainz
Biography
English biography1,139 words · 7 sectionssource: wikipedia-en · licence CC BY-SA 4.0 · revision 1377337846
Biography
Franco Alfano (8 March 1875 – 27 October 1954) was an Italian composer and pianist, best known today for his operas Risurrezione (1904), Sakùntala (1921), and Cyrano de Bergerac (1936), and for having completed Puccini's opera Turandot in 1926. He had considerable success with several of his own works during his lifetime.
Early life and training
He was born Francesco Alfano on 8 March 1875 at 8:15 a.m. in Posillipo, Naples, to French-born Francesca "Fanny" née Fourcade (during World War I italianized to Fourcati) and Vincenzo Alfano, a highly regarded silver engraver, whose firm, Vincenzo Alfano & Figli, was appointed to the Italian royal family. Francesco was the first of six sons and there was also one daughter. They lived in what became the cosmopolitan and upscale Piazza San Luigi, a neighbourhood with homes belonging to several musicians, authors, and painters.
Later in life, Franco Alfano recalled singing in the duet "Mira, o Norma" from Bellini's opera Norma at the age of three. Not long after, a paternal aunt moved in, bringing her grand piano, and he began learning to play. A formal music instructor was soon engaged.
Beginning in the summer of 1886 he attended piano lessons given privately by Alessandro Longo and studied harmony and composition respectively under Camillo de Nardis (1857–1951) and Paolo Serrao at the Conservatory San Pietro a Majella in Naples, which he entered as an external student on 1 December 1891 and where he remained three years. In 1895 he pursued further composition studies with Hans Sitt and Salomon Jadassohn in Leipzig.
Career
While working in Leipzig, he met his idol, Edvard Grieg, and wrote numerous piano and orchestral pieces. From 1899 to about 1905 he lived in Paris, where he composed ballet music, but also travelled in northern Europe, including to Russia.
From 1918 he was Director of the Conservatory of Bologna, from 1923 Director of the Turin Conservatory, and from 1947 to 1950 Director of the Rossini Conservatory in Pesaro. Alfano died in Sanremo.
Operas
Alfano completed his first opera, Miranda (unpublished), for which he also wrote the libretto based on a novel by Antonio Fogazzaro, in 1896. His work La Fonte di Enschir (libretto by Luigi Illica) was refused by Ricordi but was presented in Wrocław (then Breslau) as Die Quelle von Enschir on 8 November 1898. It enjoyed some success.
There followed the opera Risurrezione in 1904. It was based on Tolstoy, and the lead soprano role of Katerina Mihaylovna was later sung by Magda Olivero.
Cyrano de Bergerac followed. This based on the famous play by Edmond Rostand and composed to the French libretto by Henri Cain. It had its Italian premiere in Rome in January 1936 and its French premiere in Paris four months later. It was recently revived by the Kiel Opera (Germany), the Montpellier Radio Festival (France) and the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, starring Plácido Domingo in the title role.
In 1921, La Leggenda di Sakùntala appeared, described by some as his most important stage work, and while it was successful enough to have Arturo Toscanini recommend Alfano for the completion of Puccini's posthumous Turandot, the performance materials were thought destroyed in an air raid during the Second World War. Alfano reconstructed it in 1952 as Sakùntala, after Abhijñānaśākuntalam (The Recognition of Sakuntala), the Sanskrit play by Kālidāsa. Subsequently, the original version was recovered in 2005, with the two versions available for performance today. The second version of Sakùntala was performed in New York City by Teatro Grattacielo in the fall of 2013.
Historical perspectives
In Fanfare's issue of September/October 2005, Henry Fogel argues that Alfano's completion of Puccini's Turandot has been unfairly criticised because the version that is usually performed is a heavily edited version of what he actually wrote, and this has caused "his entire reputation to sink". Furthermore, "Alfano's reputation has also suffered, understandably, because of his willingness to associate himself closely with Mussolini's Fascist government."
Andreas K. W. Meyer, in an essay in the booklet accompanying the first released complete recording of Alfano's opera Cyrano de Bergerac on the cpo label (2002), writes: […] it is not his [Alfano's] conclusion that is performed in productions of Turandot but only what the premiere conductor Arturo Toscanini included from it […] Puccini had worked for nine months on the following concluding duet and at his death had left behind a whole ream of sketches […] Alfano had to reconstruct […] according to his best assessment […] and with his imagination and magnifying glass" since Puccini's intentions "had not really been rendered legible."
List of works
See also List of operas by Franco Alfano.
Recordings
Operas
Cyrano de Bergerac: Plácido Domingo, Sondra Radvanovsky, Arturo Chacón-Cruz, Rodney Gilfry; Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana; conductor Patrick Fournillier; Filmed at the Palau de les Ars 'Reina Sofia', Valencia, 8,11 & 18 February 2007; Naxos blu-ray and DVD; EAN 0747313527052;
Cyrano de Bergerac: William Johns, Olivia Stapp, Gianfranco Cecchele, Miti Truccato Pace, Ezio Di Cesare, Alfredo Giacomotti - Director: Maurizio Arena - Orchestra RAI di Torino - Live - 2 CD Opera d'Oro IOD (2004);
Risurrezione; Magda Olivero, Giuseppe Gismondo, Nucci Condò, Anna Di Stasio - Director: Elio Boncompagni - Live - 2 CD Opera d'Oro IOD (2003);
Risurrezione; Anne Sophie Duprels, Matthew Vickers, Leon Kim, Francesca Di Sauro, Romina Tomasoni, Nadia Pirazzini, Ana Victória Pitts, Barbara Marcacci. Orchestra and choir of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. Conductor: Francesco Lanzillotta. Staging: Rosetta Cucchi. Video: Davide Mancini. DVD, Dynamic (2020);
Sakùntala; Sakùntala: Celestina Casapietra – Il re: Michele Molese – Prijamvada: Laura Didier Gambardella – Anusuya: Adriana Baldiseri – Kanva: Aurio Tomicich – Durvasas: Ferruccio Mazzoli – Harita: Mario Rinaudo – Il giovane eremita: Ezio Di Cesare – Lo scudiero: Carlo Micheluzzi – Un pescatore: Vincenzo Tadeo – Una guardia: Alberto Caruzzi; Orchestra Sinfonica e Coro di Roma della Rai, director: Ottavio Ziino CD Tryphon TRC-9612;
Liriche da Tagore; Duo Alterno: Tiziana Scandaletti, soprano - Riccardo Piacentini, piano, CD Nuova Era 7388 (Torino 2004).
Other compositions
Sonata for Cello and Piano, 1925: Samuel Magill (cello); Scott Dunn (piano). CD: Naxos, 2009 (World premiere recording)
Concerto for Violin, Cello and Piano, 1932: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Samuel Magill (cello); Scott Dunn piano. CD: Naxos, 2009 (World premiere recording)
Sonata for Violin and Piano, 1923: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Scott Dunn (piano). CD: Naxos, 2011 (World premiere recording)
Piano Quintet, 1945: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Mary Ann Mumm (violin); Craig Mumm (viola); Samuel Magill (cello); Scott Dunn (piano). CD, Naxos, 2011 (World premiere recording)
String Quartet No. 1, 1918: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Mary Ann Mumm (violin); Craig Mumm (viola); Samuel Magill (cello). CD, Naxos, 2023 (World premiere recording)
String Quartet No. 2, 1926: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Mary Ann Mumm (violin); Craig Mumm (viola); Samuel Magill (cello). CD, Naxos, 2023 (World premiere recording)
String quartet No. 3, 1949: Elmira Darvarova (violin); Mary Ann Mumm (violin); Craig Mumm (viola); Samuel Magill (cello). CD, Naxos, 2023 (World premiere recording)
Other languages
Discography & profile
Normalised profile
Percentiles are computed over every artist in the database, so a tier-3 artist can still sit in the 95th percentile on a single axis.
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 35 | 92.8th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 11 | 82.8th |
| Studio albums | 10 | 91.1th |
| Awards recorded | 0 | 0th |
| Timeline events | 13 | 89.7th |
| Recording span (years) | -48 | 6.6th |
| Genres | 5 | 88.3th |
Percentiles are computed at render time; missing values mean the artist has no data on that axis.
Discography (11 release groups · 10 studio albums)
Albums · 10
2005 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 1:13:27
1Symphony No 1 Classica: Allegro12:052Symphony No 1 Classica: Lento E Grave12:303Symphony No 1 Classica: Adagio (Solenne) - Presto8:164Symphony No 2 : Allegro17:455Symphony No 2 : Largo11:396Symphony No 2 : Solenne - Allegro alla marcia11:12Cello Sonata / Concerto for Violin, Cello and Piano
2009 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 59:49
1Concerto for Violin, Cello and Piano: I. Con dolce malinconia13:372Concerto for Violin, Cello and Piano: II. Allegretto fantastico8:283Concerto for Violin, Cello and Piano: III. Presto6:154Sonata for Cello and Piano: I. Assai lento12:435Sonata for Cello and Piano: II. Allegretto con grazia6:436Sonata for Cello and Piano: III. Presto, appassionato12:032011 · studio album
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Tracklist · 8 tracks · 1:06:01
1Violin Sonata in D Major (Original 1923 Version): I. Mosso14:012Violin Sonata in D Major (Original 1923 Version): II. Lento, un po'a capriccio9:433Violin Sonata in D Major (Original 1923 Version): III. Lento sostenuto7:454Piano Quintet in A-Flat Major: I. Largo12:415Piano Quintet in A-Flat Major: II. Moderato con grazia7:446Piano Quintet in A-Flat Major: III. Allegro7:287Nenia and Scherzino (Arr. E. Pierangeli for Violin and Piano): Nenia4:188Nenia and Scherzino (Arr. E. Pierangeli for Violin and Piano): Scherzino2:212017 · studio album
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Tracklist · 22 tracks · 1:08:57
1Quatre Pièces, op. 3: No. 1. Mazurka2:172Quatre Pièces, op. 3: No. 2. Romanzetta2:533Quatre Pièces, op. 3: No. 3. Fable3:534Quatre Pièces, op. 3: No. 4. Causerie3:205Quatre Danses napolitaines, op. 8: No. 1. Chanson populaire3:166Quatre Danses napolitaines, op. 8: No. 2. Sérénade à la bien aimée2:547Quatre Danses napolitaines, op. 8: No. 3. Sérénade qui passe1:468Quatre Danses napolitaines, op. 8: No. 4. Guitare3:289Deux Pièces, op. 5: No. 1. Valse coquette4:3110Deux Pièces, op. 5: No. 2. Arlequin2:0411Quatre Danses roumaines, op. 9: No. 1. Allegro2:3112Quatre Danses roumaines, op. 9: No. 2. Allegro con moto2:2213Quatre Danses roumaines, op. 9: No. 3. Molto moderato3:4214Quatre Danses roumaines, op. 9: No. 4. Allegro appassionato3:0115Cinq Danses de Cléo de Mérode: No. 1. Entrée et Danse des modèles1:5116Cinq Danses de Cléo de Mérode: No. 2. Danse ancienne3:0217Cinq Danses de Cléo de Mérode: No. 3. Pas des éventails3:1318Cinq Danses de Cléo de Mérode: No. 4. Mazurka3:5519Cinq Danses de Cléo de Mérode: No. 5. Aveu et Valse du modèle I2:1920Nostalgie4:0521Pax5:0822Melodia dei miei vent'anni3:262021 · studio album
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Tracklist · 32 tracks · 1:50:23
Disc 11Risurrezione, Act I: Piano, che non si versi (Live)2:552Risurrezione, Act I: Cristo è risuscitato (Live)4:463Risurrezione, Act I: Dimitri, figliuol mio (Live)2:104Risurrezione, Act I: Tu sei cambiato tanto (Live)2:255Risurrezione, Act I: Qualcuno là in giardino? (Live)4:006Risurrezione, Act I: Sì, Dimitri ti credo! (Live)2:207Risurrezione, Act I: Ricordi quella corsa (Live)7:418Risurrezione, Act II: Quest'ora è eterna (Live)4:439Risurrezione, Act II: Senti! Laggiù (Live)1:4310Risurrezione, Act II: Dopo quel giorno dunque (Live)4:5011Risurrezione, Act II: Quel cane rinnegato (Live)1:1512Risurrezione, Act II: Giunge il treno (Live)3:5613Risurrezione, Act II: Infame! Infame! (Live)3:56Disc 21Risurrezione, Act III: Ohè, testa rasata! (Live)2:252Risurrezione, Act III: Ti abitui a questa vita? (Live)3:223Risurrezione, Act III: Avevo vesti di seta (Live)2:344Risurrezione, Act III: Una anche a me (Live)2:295Risurrezione, Act III: Quando tutti laggiù (Live)2:106Risurrezione, Act III: Al posto per l'appello (Live)3:557Risurrezione, Act III: Le prigioniere stan ne la cappella (Live)4:118Risurrezione, Act III: Come mi guardi! (Live)3:119Risurrezione, Act III: Pensa a quel ch'io fui per te (Live)2:0010Risurrezione, Act III: Finito era l'april (Live)2:2711Risurrezione, Act III: Morto! Oh, Dio crudele (Live)2:2312Risurrezione, Act III: No. lasciatela stare (Live)2:2413Risurrezione, Act III: È l'ora d'andar via (Live)4:2614Risurrezione, Act IV: Li sentite Katyusha? (Live)7:5015Risurrezione, Act IV: Vorrei parlarvi (Live)1:4916Risurrezione, Act IV: Quando la vidi (Live)1:5417Risurrezione, Act IV: Principe Dimitri Nekludoff (Live)1:5518Risurrezione, Act IV: Ah, sei qui! Tu! Dove son gli altri (Live)3:1919Risurrezione, Act IV: E sii felice (Live)8:592021 · studio album
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Tracklist · 22 tracks · 1:03:41
1Quatre Pièces, op. 2: I. Romance2:412Quatre Pièces, op. 2: II. Petite Valse1:293Quatre Pièces, op. 2: III. Canon6:004Quatre Pièces, op. 2: IV. Elégie3:535Quatre Pièces, op. 11: I. Vieille Fable3:156Quatre Pièces, op. 11: II. Valse3:007Quatre Pièces, op. 11: III. Notturno4:478Quatre Pièces, op. 11: IV. Scherzino2:099Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14: I. Chant sans paroles2:3710Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14: II. Taquinerie1:4711Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14: III. A la mazurka2:0912Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14: IV. Scherzo1:5613Cinq Pièces lyriques, op. 14: V. Sérénade exotique3:4014Quatre Pièces lyriques, op. 16: I. Désir2:0515Quatre Pièces lyriques, op. 16: II. Au ruisseau1:5116Quatre Pièces lyriques, op. 16: III. Aveu intime2:2917Quatre Pièces lyriques, op. 16: IV. Bagatelle1:2518Trois Pièces lyriques, op. 24: I. Feuille d’album2:0919Trois Pièces lyriques, op. 24: II. Boîte à musique2:1020Trois Pièces lyriques, op. 24: III. Canzonetta3:3921Amour … amour … (valse)5:1222Petite Mazurka3:182023 · studio album
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Tracklist · 9 tracks · 1:22:43
1String Quartet No. 1 in D Major (1924 Version): I. Vivacissimo9:112String Quartet No. 1 in D Major (1924 Version): II. Calmo12:293String Quartet No. 1 in D Major (1924 Version): III. Largo - Allegro deciso11:304String Quartet No. 2 in Tre Tempi Collegati in C Major: I. Largo assai7:515String Quartet No. 2 in Tre Tempi Collegati in C Major: II. Allegretto semplice (come una canzoncina per bimbi)4:186String Quartet No. 2 in Tre Tempi Collegati in C Major: III. Molto allegro9:597String Quartet No. 3 in G Minor: I. Largo12:358String Quartet No. 3 in G Minor: II. Allegretto7:069String Quartet No. 3 in G Minor: III. Allegro7:442023 · studio album
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Tracklist · 16 tracks · 56:22
1Sei liriche: no. 1, Perché piangi?4:082Sei liriche: no. 2, Al chiarore della mattina2:433Sei liriche: no. 3, Malinconia1:444Sei liriche: no. 4, Non partire, amor mio2:365È giunto il nostro ultimo autunno5:466Cinq mélodies, op. 1: no. 1, Sonnet4:037Cinq mélodies, op. 1: no. 2, Pourquoi?4:268Cinq mélodies, op. 1: no. 3, Rondeau2:339Cinq mélodies, op. 1: no. 4, Envoi à ***3:0410Cinq mélodies, op. 1: no. 5, Sonnet3:1111Due liriche per canto, violoncello e pianoforte: no. 1, Preludio primaverile2:5312Due liriche per canto, violoncello e pianoforte: no. 2, Il giorno non è più…4:1313Giorno per giorno (arietta per violoncello e pianoforte)3:0914Tre nuovi poemi: no. 1, Ninna nanna di mezzanotte4:0515Tre nuovi poemi: no. 2, Melodia2:5316Tre nuovi poemi: no. 3, Preghiera alla Madonna4:552024 · studio album
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Tracklist · 10 tracks · 1:15:05
1Suite romantica: I. Notte adriatica9:142Suite romantica: II. Echi dell'appennino6:403Suite romantica: III. Al chiostro abbandonato8:254Suite romantica: IV. Natale compano8:325Una danza14:076Nenia5:377Divertimento: I. Introduzione3:268Divertimento: II. Aria7:339Divertimento: III. Recitativo e rondò5:4110Amour... amour... (Version for Orchestra)5:50Concerto for Violin, Cello & Piano / Piano Quintet
2025 · studio album
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Tracklist · 6 tracks · 1:01:05
1Concerto in A major for Violin, Cello & Piano: I. Con dolce malinconia15:272Concerto in A major for Violin, Cello & Piano: II. Allegretto fantastico8:223Concerto in A major for Violin, Cello & Piano: III. Presto, con grande vigoria7:154Piano Quintet in A-flat major: I. Largo14:305Piano Quintet in A-flat major: II. Moderato con grazia7:356Piano Quintet in A-flat major: III. Allegro7:56
Album · 1
| Cover | Year | Title | Notes | First release |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Cyrano De BergeracSearch SpotifySearch YouTube MusicTracklist · 49 tracks · 2:00:52Disc 1 1Cyrano de Bergerac: Introduction (Live)1:08 2Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Admirez lá, messieurs (Live)1:30 3Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Coquin! Ne t'ai je pas interdit. (Live)1:42 4Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Huer ce Montfleury, quel scandale! (Live)1:55 5Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Je jette avec grâce, mon feutre (Live)4:27 6Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Et tout cela (Live)1:56 7Cyrano de Bergerac: Ah! D'elle un rendezvous! (Live)1:37 8Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: De Guiche.A stipendié cent hommes (Live)1:36 9Cyrano de Bergerac, Act I: Oh! Paris fuit nocturne (Live)1:47 10Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Fruits et nougat! (Live)2:04 11Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Quelle heure est-il? (Live)1:08 12Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Eh bien, écrivons. (Live)1:59 13Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Que l'instant soit béni. (Live)6:56 14Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Oh! je vous aime bien! (Live)0:47 15Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Peut-on entrer? (Live)1:35 16Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Ce sont les cadets de Gascogne. (Live)0:44 17Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Oeil d'aigle, jambe de cigogne. (Live)2:05 18Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Un poète est un luxe aujourd-hui. (Live)1:16 19Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Allons.CyraNo. (Live)1:40 20Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Donc cherchant la rencontre. (Live)1:39 21Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Allons.Embrasse moi. (Live)3:54 22Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Introduction (Live)0:49 23Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Et puis elle est partie. (Live)1:09 24Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Roxane, êtes vous prête? (Live)4:17 25Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Vous m'affollez! (Live)1:57 26Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Je pars! (Live)1:25 27Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Christian! (Live)2:38 28Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Je vous aime. (Live)1:46 29Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: C'est un succès. (Live)1:12 30Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Appelle-la! (Live)7:23 31Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Le grelot s'agite. (Live)2:17 32Cyrano de Bergerac, Act II: Oui, je tremble, et je pleure. (Live)2:11 Disc 21Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: C'est affreux! (Live)2:41 2Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: La Diane.Hélas. (Live)2:36 3Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Ecoutez les gascons. (Live)3:33 4Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Mais tu les fais pleurer (Live)4:30 5Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Ah! voilà la vengeance! (Live)2:10 6Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Et cela t'enivrait. (Live)5:37 7Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Et maintenant, Christian. (Live)1:25 8Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Je lisais, je relisais (Live)2:53 9Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Cyrano! (Live)1:50 10Cyrano de Bergerac, Act III: Tiens.on a tiré! (Live)2:25 11Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Introduction (Live)1:59 12Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Et vous demeurez ici. (Live)4:00 13Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Depuis quatorze années. (Live)4:17 14Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Samedi dixneuf. (Live)2:41 15Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Roxane.Adieu! Je vais mourir! (Live)3:58 16Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Ah! j'en étais sûr. (Live)1:03 17Cyrano de Bergerac, Act IV: Oh! mais je m'en vais.pardon. (Live)2:45 | Live | November 2002 |
Stats & PK
Percentile within all 23,672 published artists.Put Franco Alfano head-to-head →
| Metric | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia language versions | 35 | 92.8th |
| Spotify monthly listeners | — | no data |
| Release groups in DB | 11 | 82.8th |
| Studio albums | 10 | 91.1th |
| Awards recorded | 0 | 0th |
| Timeline events | 13 | 89.7th |
| Recording span (years) | -48 | 6.6th |
| Genres | 5 | 88.3th |
Awards & honours
Where this record comes from
portrait—Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franco_Alfano_%28before_1954%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_FOTO001885.jpgaliases/urls—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e7e21773-0592-4bed-a130-0d5b5e5a3e99discography—musicbrainz · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e7e21773-0592-4bed-a130-0d5b5e5a3e99core—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312638genre—wikidata · CC0 · retrieved 11 October 2026
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312638seed-list—wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Alfanobiography—wikipedia-en · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Alfanobiography—wikipedia-it · CC BY-SA 4.0 · retrieved 10 October 2026
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Alfano_%28compositore%29
Why this artist is in the database
- List of composers by name
Tier rule: historic figure (35 language versions, career ended)
Image: Renzo Cinti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Wikidata: Q312638 · MusicBrainz: e7e21773-0592-4bed-a130-0d5b5e5a3e99
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