Jeanne Demessieux

Biography

Jeanne Marie-Madeleine Demessieux (14 February 1921 – 11 November 1968) was a French organist, pianist, composer, and teacher. She was titular organist at Saint-Esprit for 29 years and at La Madeleine in Paris starting in 1962. She performed internationally as a concert organist and was the first female organist to sign a record contract. She went on to record many organ works, including her own compositions.

Biography

Born in Montpellier (Hérault), Jeanne Demessieux was the second child of Marie-Madeleine Demessieux (née Mézy) and Étienne Demessieux. After taking private piano lessons with her elder sister, Yolande, Jeanne entered the Montpellier Conservatoire in 1928. Four years later, she obtained first prizes in solfège and piano. In 1933, she began her studies at the Paris Conservatoire; studying piano with Simon Riera and Magda Tagliaferro, harmony with Jean Gallon, counterpoint and fugue with Noël Gallon, and composition with Henri Büsser. The same year, she was appointed titular organist at Saint-Esprit, a post she held for 19 years.
From 1936 to 1939, Demessieux studied organ privately with Marcel Dupré, whose organ class at the Conservatoire she joined in 1939. After receiving first prizes in harmony, piano, fugue and counterpoint organ by 1941, Demessieux studied privately with Dupré for five more years, before she played her début concert at the Salle Pleyel in Paris in 1946, as part of a series of 12 solo concerts between 1946 and 1948. This was the beginning of her career as an international concert organist and improviser, but also coinciding with Dupré irrevocably turning his back on Demessieux, triggered by intrigues within the Paris organ world. According to Pierre Labric, Jeanne Demessieux was not responsible for this rift.
In 1947, she became the first female organist to sign a record contract, with a performance of Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 for Decca Records. She gave more than 700 concerts in France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and the United States (1953, 1955, and 1958). Demessieux always performed from memory, having an active repertoire of more than 2,500 compositions, including the complete organ works of Bach, Franck, the major organ works of Liszt and Mendelssohn, and all of Dupré's organ works up to Opus 41. A prolific recording artist, she was awarded the Grand Prix du Disque Award in 1961 for her complete recording of Franck's organ works (1959, a world premiere recording).
In 1962, Demessieux was appointed as titular organist at La Madeleine in Paris. She combined this with demanding academic duties, serving as professor of organ and improvisation at the Nancy Conservatoire (1950–1952) and the Conservatoire Royal in Liège (1952–1968). Among her students were Marie-Madeleine Duruflé, Pierre Labric, and Louis Thiry. In 1967, after several years of negotiations, she signed a contract with Decca Records for a recording of the complete organ works by Olivier Messiaen at Notre-Dame de Paris, with which she could not comply to for health reasons. According to her biographer, Christiane Trieu-Colleney, Demessieux underwent medical treatment and did not perform in concert for most of the last year of her life. Jeanne Demessieux died on 11 November 1968 in Paris, at age 47, from an embolism as a result from late-diagnosed lung cancer. She was buried in the Demessieux family tomb in the Cimetière du Grau-du-Roi, not far from Aigues-Mortes.
Demessieux wrote more than 30 compositions. A third of these were written for the organ, but she also produced pieces for piano, numerous songs, a handful of choral works (including an oratorio, La Chanson de Roland), and orchestral works. About half of her output has been published as of 2021. In 2021, Decca Records released an 8-CD box set with her complete recordings for this label between 1947 and 1967, including the above-mentioned 1959 world-premiere recording of Franck's complete organ works.

Organ solo

Nativité, op. 4 (Composed in 1943/44. Sampzon: Delatour France, 2005).
Six Études, op. 5 (Composed in 1944. Paris: Bornemann/Leduc, 1946).
Pointes
Tierces
Sixtes
Accords alternés
Notes répétées
Octaves
Sept Méditations sur le Saint-Esprit, op. 6 (Composed in 1945–47. Paris: Durand, 1947).
Veni Sancte Spiritus
Les Eaux
Pentecôte
Dogme
Consolateur
Paix
Lumière
Triptyque, op. 7 (Composed in 1947. Paris: Durand, 1949).
Prélude
Adagio
Fugue
Twelve Choral-Preludes on Gregorian Chant Themes, op. 8 (Composed in 1947. Boston, MA: McLaughlin & Reilly, 1950, reissued by Summy-Birchard in 1995).
Rorate Caeli (aka. Rorate Coeli)
Adeste Fideles
Attende Domine
Stabat Mater
Vexilla Regis
Hosanna filio David
O Filii
Veni Creator Spiritus
Ubi caritas
In manus tuas
Tu es Petrus
Domine Jesu
Andante (Chant donné) (Composed in 1953. In: 64 Leçons d'Harmonie, offertes en hommage à Jean Gallon, edited by Claude Delvincourt. Paris: Durand, 1953).
Te Deum, op. 11 (Composed in 1957/58. Paris: Durand, 1959).
Répons pour le temps de pâques: Victimae paschali laudes (Composed in 1962/63. Paris: Durand, 1970).
Répons pour les temps liturgiques (Composed in 1962–66. Sampzon: Delatour France, 2006).
Répons pour le temps du Très-Saint-Rosaire: Ave Maria.
Répons pour le temps d'Advent: Consolamini.
Répons pour le temps du Saint-Sacrement: Lauda Sion (First version, composed in 1963).
Répons pour le temps du Saint-Sacrement: Lauda Sion (Second version, composed in 1966).
Prélude et fugue en ut, op. 13 (Composed in 1964. Paris: Durand, 1965).

Organ and orchestra

Poème, op. 9 (Composed in 1949. Paris: Durand, 1952).

Piano solo

7 Pièces inédites (Sampzon: Delatour France, 2011).
Le Chant des petits oiseaux
Berceuse et impromptu
Romance sans paroles
Allegro
Mazurka
Valse n° 1
Murmure des bois
Berceuse (Composed in 1926. Unpublished).
Suite (Composed in 1938. Unpublished).
Prélude
Scherzetto
Menuet
Toccata
Étude in F♯ major (Composed in 1938. Unpublished).
Trois préludes (Composed in 1939. Unpublished).
D# minor
B minor
D minor

Songs (with piano)

Le Moulin (Composed in 1937. Unpublished).
Soudainement contre les Vitres (Composed in 1940. Unpublished).
Sonnet de Michel-Ange (Composed in 1949. Unpublished.)
Action de grâce (No date. Unpublished).
Cavalier (No date. Unpublished).
Le Vase brisé (No date. Unpublished).

Chamber music

Sonata for violin and piano (Composed in 1940. Sampson: Delatour France, 2013).
Allegro moderato
Adagio cantabile
Thème et variations
Ballade, op. 12, for horn and piano (Composed in 1962. Paris: Durand, 1962).
String quartet (No date. Unpublished).

Vocal music

Cantate pour le jeudi Saint for chorus, soloists, and organ; text by Félix Raugel (Composed in 1938. Unpublished).
Barques célestes for three women's voices a capella (Composed in 1938. Unpublished).
Consolamini for five mixed voices a capella (Composed in 1950. Unpublished).
La Chanson de Roland, op. 10, oratorio for chorus, mezzo-soprano, and orchestra (Composed in 1951–56. Paris: Leduc, 2000).

Miscellaneous

Two symphonic movements for orchestra (Composed in 1941. Unpublished).
George Frideric Handel: Cadenzas for Organ Concertos Nos. 1 and 2 (Unpublished).
Franz Liszt: Funérailles, arranged for organ solo (Sampzon: Delatour France, 2010).